You have entered our section that allows you to read, inspect, and download, the most current issue of "The Mushroom Culture", the Journal of Mushroom Cultivation, "TMC". The Issues posted here are the "Electronic" version. They do not contain all the photographs and other information that the "Hard Copy", that is sent to subscribers, has in it.
#87 “TMC” Copyright 2010ISSN: 1078-4314
For July 2010
THE MUSHROOM CULTURE $15.00
The Journal of Mushroom
Cultivation (TMC)
The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent
Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)
To learn more about IMGN, see www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html,
or write to FMRC to get complete information on this old and unique mushroom
association…many valuable benefits.
___This is a "RESTRICTED" Issue.It contains all spore prints and photographs.
___This is a
"NON-RESTRICTED" Issue.It
contains no mushroom spore prints.
___This is a
"REPRINT"/"Photo Copy" Issue.It may not contain prints or pictures.Published by:FloridaMycologyResearchCenter (FMRC)
Marshall E. Deutsch:Articles Taken
from "The Bulletin Of
The Boston
Mycological Club” and other recent references
to fungi encountered during the
editor’s quotidian activities
Cooking Editor: Robin Arnold
Chief Editor:Stephen L.
Peele, Curator FMRC
It is official from the USDA:The 2008/2009 USA Mushroom Cash Crop was $957
Million!!!There were only 285
registered growers!!!Maybe you should
check out “IMGN” and start getting your share!
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
The world’s only and longest
running color Mushroom Journal that comes with actual “Live Mushroom Spore
Print Samples” affixed inside (held safe inside a small sealed plastic
envelope).Since 1984.
C O N T E N T S
For
#87 TMC July 2010
Journal Subscription and
other information.........................................................01
Advertising in
TMC..............................................................................................02
Books Available from
FMRC...............................................................................02
Submitting Spore Samples
for This Journal........................................................02
Cooking With
Mushrooms................................................................................14
Color Photograph of Cantharellus
cibarius.......................................................16
A Personal Near Death
With An Amanita.........................................................17
aa
Mushroom Journal Subscriptions: If youwould like to order a
subscription to “THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, you may send request and payment of
$30.00 made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL. 32523, for one year.
Copyright
Information: This Journal is Copyrighted under
International Law, and all said laws apply. Any material that finds its
way into this Journal, and it has already been copyrighted elsewhere, retains
original Copyright. Authors and photographers who submit material in this
Journal are not restricted from using their work, or the sale thereof.
Persons may reprint or transmit this document, only in its complete and
original form. No parts, articles, photographs, or any other partial
pieces may be removed from this document. If you have any questions about
reprinting or retransmitting, call 1.850.327.4378 and ask for Stephen L.
Peele. Copies of this document can be given away freely for academic or
information purposes. Any sale, placement, or display in any media that
involves the transfer of money, of document, or parts of, is a violation of
Copyright. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subscriptions: The electronic version of "The Mushroom
Culture" Electronica, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) can be
read freely at www.mushroomsfmrc.com
under “TMC Journals”.The current Issue
will be posted 2 to 3 weeks after the Hard Copies are mailed out to
subscribers. "The Mushroom Culture"
physical issue (Hard Copy) that contains actual spore print samples and color
photographs, that is mailed to you in a thick plain brown envelope, has the
following subscription rates: One year’s subscription $30.00 (outside
the USA $50.00), Two year’s subscription $50.00 (outside the
USA $90.00), Three year’s subscription $70.00 (outside the USA
$130.00). "Lifetime" subscription is $1,000.00 (outside the USA
$2,000.00). College, University, and other educational library requests
may subscribe "Lifetime" for $750.00 (outside the USA $1,750.00).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Scheduling
Dispatch Of This Journal:This Journal's "Hard Copy" is mailed thru the second week of
the Issue's Publication month/date. This is usually the first Monday of
the said month. Because games and prizes offered in this Journal are
restricted to postal mail only, the Electronic Issue is not released until 2 to
3 weeks after the postal mailing of the "Hard Copy". This is
done to prevent unfair advantage if both were released at the same time.To view the Electronic Issue, go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com then, click on “TMC
Journals”.The FREE Download is made
available by donations.To help keep
this mycological free service available to all, you may send your donation in
any amount to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL32523.TMC is a
quarterly publication, 4 times a year.Because many articles are copy/pasted from emails, spelling and grammar
errors may exist.They are left “as is”
to show proof of original document.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ How Many Issues Do I have left on my "TMC" Hard Copy
Subscription? Check the number right after your first name or above
the business address on the mailing label affixed to the brown envelope your
Journal arrives in. This is how many issues are left on your current
subscription. Also see "Culture Flask": If your culture flask
has a RED Contaminant in it...this is your last issue! Please renew.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Know The Mushroom Laws In Your Area: Some readers who receive this
Journal live in areas where no mushroom laws exist. Others, like those in
the USA,
must be aware of laws that forbid the possession and cultivation of mushrooms
that contain controlled substances. Psilocybe
cubensis is an example of an illegal mushroom in the USA. As articles are done on
an International basis, always keep in mind the laws on these said type
mushrooms in your own specific area. Questions? Check with the local
law from a pay phone.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mushroom Identification over the Phone… a public service provided by
FMRC to PoisonControlCenters
and Emergency Rooms all over the world. Since 1972, the FloridaMycologyResearchCenter
has offered this free service 24 hours a day to all PoisonControlCenters and Emergency
Rooms. Please take the time to contact your local PoisonControlCenter or local hospital
and make sure they are aware of this service. Many times, the
identification of a mushroom involved in a mushroom poisoning can mean the
correct treatment…the wrong treatment could be bad for the victim. Call
them and give our "Mushroom ID" phone number…1-850-327-4378.
#87 TMC July 2010Page 01Copyrighted Material
Advertising in The Mushroom Culture is just good rifle shot
advertising.Plus, when it is posted up
for download at our website, www.mushroomsfmrc.com, hundreds of thousands of
people see it!Pretty good deal, when
you think about it.If its Mushroom Related,
and you want to sell it, try this:
HowToPlaceAnAdIn“TMC”
For 1 full year (4 issues)…Full page $500.00, ½ page
$250.00, ¼ page $125.00.
For one time (1 issue)…Full page $200.00, ½ page $100.00, ¼
page $50.00, 40 word ad $20.00.
-----------------------------------
Books Available Only From FMRC’s Book Store………And
Now It Is On Line For FREE Viewing
Mushroom Books
You Never Knew Existed
For a complete list of FMRC’s publications, videos, and a listing of all the
Back Issues of "TMC" with a summary of each ones contents, see the
FMRC “MAIN” Catalog posted On Line at our website www.mushroomsfmrc.com
then click “Catalogs” off of our Main Menu.Then just scroll down and you will see all we have to offer.Also, check out our “Store”. The down load or
copy/paste is free.
Submitting Spore Samples
for This Journal
Submitting spore samples for Journal entries, entitles you to one year’s
free subscription to the "Physical" Hard Copy issues published by
FMRC. Only select prints that you are sure of identification. Do
not submit samples you cannot identify. "TMC" and
"TEO" ("THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal Of Mushroom
Cultivation (TMC) and "TEONANACATL", The International Journal Of
Psychoactive Mushrooms TEO), both published by FMRC, remain the only
"color" mushroom journals that come with mushroom spore print
samples. This is mainly due to reader collection and the fact it is quite
troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To this date, I
know of no one else who has tried taking on this task. Mushroom prints
should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be taken on white
paper. Light colored or white spores
should be taken on a dark colored paper. This will ensure
contrast and make the spores easy to see. Seven to nine complete sheets
should be submitted. Place and affix (with staple or tape) cover sheet
over each sheet of prints. Send date and where collected. Wild
edibles make the best submissions for the "TMC" Journal. If you
wish to submit a controversial type, like Psilocybe cyanescens, these said
types may be submitted (or we will forward) to "TEONANACATL", The
International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO).Because these issues have this unique feature
of mushroom spore print samples to aid in the correct identification of
mushrooms collected out in the wild, they have a cutoff of 3,000 subscribers.This makes original Hard Copy back issues of
"TMC" and "TEO" rare and the most valuable to collect.
#87 TMC July 2010Page 02Copyrighted Material
Mushroom Spore Print sample For
#87“TMC”"THE MUSHROOM CULTURE" Cantharellus cibarius The
Golden Chanterelle
EDIBILITY –Choice Edible
FMRC’s Catalog Number
…………………………………………………………#SO202
Samples
collected by Jeff Wilson, Walnut Hill,
FL ………June 2010
-------------------------------------------------
"TMC” Journal Sale
SALE
#1. …. Order any TEN back issues ($100 value) and get a full year’s
subscription ($30 value) for only $60.00. Overseas and outside the USA, Airmail
$80.00.
SALE #2 .….Order back issues #01 through #60 ($600 value),
and also included is: #EE (TMC’s famous EXTRA EDITION Issue that first exposed
our government‘s action of destroying Psilocybe cultures held at our Nation‘s
culture bank, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) ($10.00 value).
Plus get a full year’s subscription ($30 value)…..This $640.00 value of TMC
publications and the subscription is yours for only $200!Overseas and outside the USA $250. When all originals
have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or color
photographs may be affixed).
------------------------------------
TMC
Back Issues
Back Issues of this Journal are $10.00 each.Rising costs in printing, storage, and
postage are the main reasons.When all
originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore
samples or Color photographs may be affixed in these Issues).To insure complete Original Issues with color
photographs and affixed Spore Samples, you must subscribe.The Current Issue of TMC is $15.00
FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are Now Online…..FREE
Exciting News from FMRC!Mushroom Journals can now be seen, read, downloaded, and inspected free
at www.mushroomsfmrc.comThen, click the desired Current Mushroom
Journal!"TEO Journals" for
"TEONANACATL”, the International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)
and, "TMC Journals" for "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, the Journal of
Mushroom Cultivation (TMC).
#87 TMC July 2010 Page 03Copyrighted Material
A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center
(FMRC)
Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984!Now, over 25 years of mycological
documentations............
All
this is made possible by donations.Make
your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today.This will insure the future Postings and the
Journals themselves.
For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals
go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click
Catalogs.Scroll down until you come to
them.Said pages will be toward the
end.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety
deserve neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin, 1759
Information On "TMC" Spore Samples
The Mushroom spore print samples that are included in this Journal are offered
for microscopy and identification purposes only. No growing claims are
made as none of these samples has been tested for such by FMRC. All
samples that are sent in by readers are presumed viable. Each sample
provided should consist of “plus or minus” 10,000 spores. These spores
are like their seeds, only very small. So small in fact, they are
measured in microns, and cannot be singled out without the use of a microscope.
These spores are very valuable when it comes to identification of the
mushroom. Mushroom spores can be compared to fingerprints of
humans. Besides being of different colors, the spores will also be of
different shapes and sizes. FMRC offers spore samples of different
species. These can be used as "standards". It would be a
good idea to have mushroom spores available for comparison when making
ID’s. FMRC offers the world’s largest mushroom spore bank of its kind available.
Physicians should have on hand several different species of mushroom spores in
order to have standards in which to compare suspected mushroom spores.
The physician should have on hand any lethal or poisonous mushroom
spores that are known to be found in his area of service. FMRC uses the
following criteria for edibility designation: DEADLY…Mushroom contains
toxins that will cause death. POISONOUS…Mushroom contains psychoactive to
gastrointestinal toxins, and not likely to cause death…EDIBLE/CHOICE EDIBLE…all
of these type mushrooms are selected for the table.
Because "TMC" has many readers
who are not IMGN Members, your issue may not contain a certain spore print
sample that is "Restricted" by FMRC. In cases where samples of
this nature are provided, you must be an IMGN Member in order to receive said
spore print samples. To find out more about FMRC’s Independent Mushroom
Grower’s Network (IMGN), consult FMRC’s
"MAIN" Catalog, or write to FMRC
and ask for IMGN details (postal or email (floridamycology@cs.com)). Your
mailing label will be noted "IMGN" if you are a member. Without
this notation, your issues may not contain any "Restricted"
samples. University/College, Mycology related businesses, or Doctor’s
office subscriptions do not apply. Reprints of back issues may not
contain color photos or any spore print samples. Photocopies are supplied
when all original issues have been sold. To insure an original copy with
all materials, you must subscribe.
If your Country, State, City, or County
forbids biological materials from entering their borders, please inform us of
this fact. Example, New Zealand. Inmates who
receive this Journal will receive no spore samples. You will be placed
under a special mailing list and your issues will not contain spore
samples. If you continue to receive "TMC" with mushroom spore
samples, and live
in an area
where they are forbidden, you will accept all liabilities and
responsibilities. When FMRC learns about a forbidden area, all issues
going into that area will comply with its local laws. EXAMPLE: No
spore samples of any mushroom capable of producing a controlled substance will
be included in "TMC" issues bound for the State of California. FMRC is aware of
#87 TMC July 2010Page 04Copyrighted Material
CA State Laws,
which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no
conditions.
Not even if you are a medical doctor working under a Federal Grant at a CA
College or University, and an IMGN Member…these will not be shipped to CA.If you would like to receive "Restricted"
Issues, and live in CA or other illegal areas, you must give a legal shipping
address. We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid
mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the
publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to
adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any
event, only on rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print
samples affixed inside that will be capable of producing any said controlled
substances, and their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been
brought about by the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type
spore print samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal."Non Restricted" Issues, not
containing these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like
CA, ID, or GA.
Submitting Articles To "TMC": You may submit any article by yourself to FloridaMycology@cs.com
or by postal mail. Other articles found in newspapers and other print,
should be sent postal mail. Any article used earns the sender a year’s
free subscription to
"TMC". "TMC" is
the physical issue of this Journal. So, be sure to include your postal
address when submitting any articles. Mail Call entries earn no free
subscription. You may state not to have your name published or listed
with article. Ideas about regular columns by you are welcomed, as is all
other ideas, which you feel, will be helpful to this Journal. -----------------------------------------------------
How To Win A Year’s Free Subscription To "TMC"
If you see any article about mushrooms, past or present, and you think others
may like to read about it, send it in. If it is used in "TMC",
you get the free subscription. If you find a large stand of a particular
species of mushroom, and are able to collect 7 to 10 good full sheets of spore
prints (enough to place samples in "TMC"), send them in. If
they are accepted, they will be placed in
"TMC", and you get the free
subscription. If you send anything in that has to do with mushrooms, and
it is used (Mail Call letters do not apply), you get the free
subscription. If you do not want your name mentioned, please state so and
we will honor your wishes. Free subscriptions are physical issues with
spore print samples and 4" X 6" color photographs.
-------------------------------------------
FMRC's
"Stimulus Sales"
Financing is now pre-approved with no interest!
To
make both Stimulus Sales, the $300.00 total (Overseas and Out of Country may
make one extra payment of $70.00 to complete the $370.00), more accessible,
FMRC will take payments in two methods.Method One - You send two payments of $150.00 each.Method Two - You send three payments of
$100.00.This will make it possible for
even more people to take advantage of these great offers during these economic
hard times.This payment schedule has
been brought about due to the number of requests we have gotten from people who
are having a hard time coming up with the total amount of $300.00.Now everyone can take advantage of our
Stimulus Sales and get both IMGN and Doctors Degree without any hardship.No items are released until the full payment
is received.The best method of making
these payments is a money order purchased at your local post office made out to
FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL32523.slp/fmrc Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help
generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community.It will be a long time running sale: Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN).
Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html #87 TMC July 2010Page 05Copyrighted Material
Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)
During the Stimulus Sale,
your cost is only $150.00!
With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00
worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest
mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's
free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal
of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is
going on in the World of Mushrooms. FMRC's Stimulus Sale
#1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits $150.00
(Out of USA $180.00) Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course.
Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html
This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:
COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled
Mushrooms.FMRC was the first to
introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of
Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by
"come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to
learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace,
sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one
else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start
as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!
Tuition Schedule:
Doctor......................$500.00
Master.......................260.00
Bachelor...................180.00
Associate.................100.00
Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion
are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and
other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and
"Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students
living outside the US
must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and
Handling.
Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and
cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these
courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by
most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be
acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This
is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If
degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an
increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by
the University of
North West Florida,
"To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And
my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are
not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I
many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on
identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves
learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore
microscopy and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They
openly relay to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When
I tell them about these very same
#87 TMC July 2010Page 06Copyrighted Material
courses and how they can take them at their
own pace and time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher
specific learning accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges
offer. Persons holding academic degrees can present our "Certificate of
Completion" as supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning
into the specific area of Basidiomycetes.
When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all
the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All
you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon
Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff.
You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good one. It is
available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for around $20.00.
"Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course
$200.00
(Out of USA $240.00)
Want to save even more?
Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom
course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over
$1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00. Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make
payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post
office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted.
Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.
MUSHROOM QUIZ
"MQ"
Mushroom Quiz ("MQ") is featured in each edition of this
Journal. If you know the answer, write it down and mail it in. No
phone calls. No E-mail. No FAX. Your entry must be mailed by
1st Class U.S. Mail only (Overseas and Out Of Country can use Airmail).
The first letter that is opened and has the correct answer WINS.
What do you win? An entire year’s subscription to this
Journal…..FREE! Your name will be posted with the correct answer in the
following edition (unless you state "Not to publish your
name"). So, come on and impress your mushroom friends with your
knowledge. Send your entry to FMRC, "MQ", POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.
Last Issue’s "MQ" for #86 "TMC":When speaking of spore shapes, what does “Falcate” mean?
Last Issue’s Answer:It means
they are sickle-shaped.
WINNER with first correct answer:Rick Stokes, NC
"MQ" For This Issue #87:What does “monstrosity” mean when referring
to a specimen?
---------------------------------------------
Subscription Sale
with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals
For over 20 years, FMRC has
published the World's only color mushroom journals that come with actual
"Spore Print Samples" affixed inside.And now, subscribing to these great mushroom journals is better than
ever before.Order a TWO Year
Subscription to "THE MUSHROOM
#87 TMC July 2010Page 07Copyrighted Material
CULTURE”, The Journal of
Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) for the low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 Out of USA)
and receive the 2 Disk Set of "THE GOSPEL OF MUSHROOMS”, a $60.00 value!
All the TMC Issues from #01
to #69 are on "THE GOSPEL”.You
will see all the mycological achievements made over the last 2 decades.....all
in COLOR!All the stories, all the
events, they’re all here.A major
Mycological Publishing Event!All you
have to do is just place the disks into your computer, and you will be there to
see it all!
Or, you can order a TWO-year
subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of
Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)
for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and receive the TEO Issues
#01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!
When placing your order
please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.
If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years
will just be added to your current subscription.Here is one even better……..l
Order BOTH Journals, and just
send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions.This will save you Big Time.......($150.00
Out of USA)
Mail your request and payment
made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL32523.Sorry, no online or credit card orders.The FloridaMycologyResearchCenter
(FMRC), Publisher.
----------------------------------
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING
PEOPLE
Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a
year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input: Jeff Wilson for Golden Chanterelle Mushroom
Spore Print Samples, and Rick Stokes for correct MQ Answer.
------------------------------------------
CULTUREFLASK…….. Is this your last Issue
on Subscription?
For Physical "TMC" HARD COPY
Subscriptions That Contain Spore Samples IF YOUR CULTURE FLASK HAS A "RED" CONTAMINANT IN IT, THIS IS YOUR LAST ISSUE!Send $30 to renew your subscription ($50 US
Dollars for Out Of Country), for another year's subscription.The "RED" contaminant is your only
reminder, other than your mailing label saying "00" issues left after
your first name.As we value your
support and interests, please send payment now while it is on your mind.This way, "TMC" can continue and
you will never miss an issue.After all,
it is your Journal
----------------------------------------
S P O R EB A N KS A L E
For those who have not seen
this Sale
posted on FMRC’s Website:The Entire
Mushroom Spore Bank, over 200 different Samples, is on sale for only
$1,000.00!And, when any new species are
listed in the Bank, and you have an interest in receiving it, just let us know
that you purchased the Entire Collection before.Just make the request and it will be shipped
right off to you at no charge!
#87 TMC July 2010Page 08Copyrighted Material
This entire massive collection,
the World’s Largest Mushroom Spore Bank of its type since 1972, can be
inspected and downloaded at www.mushroomsfmrc.com.
To be the proud owner of this
entire spore bank collection, simply mail in your request for the Entire
Mushroom Spore Sample Collection, held at FMRC.The best method of payment is a Postal Money Order that you buy at your
local Post Office.Send your request and
payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL32523.If you live in CA, GA, or ID, or other areas where it is illegal to
possess mushroom spores capable of producing controlled substances, send only
$830.00.All said type species will not
be included.Otherwise, you must give a
good legal shipping State to receive the entire, full, Collection.
-------------------------------------------
Notice of FREE $86.00 Mushroom DVD
With Journal Subscription Promotion
A Special offer from FMRC
One of the most finest and informative documentaries ever
made on Mushrooms, is without a doubt, "FRUITOFTHEGODS".
And now, FMRC offers this $86.00 DVD FREE, when all you do
is just subscribe to one of its fine Mushroom Journals.
"FRUITOFTHEGODS" ………A documentary on "MagicMushrooms"
By Stephen L. Peele, CuratorFloridaMycologyResearchCenter (FMRC).The only person ever to be awarded a
Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Scheduled ONE Permit to do
research on Mushrooms that produce Controlled Scheduled ONE Substances. Now you
can own the Original 1986 production complete and uncensored in DVD
format.This DVD even includes
"Guitar Beshroomed" that was included in the original version……..what
a magic mushroom voyage may be like!A
visual and audio experience you won't soon forget.Besides actual footage of many of the
Psychoactive Mushrooms, you also get:How mushrooms grow. The spore print. How to clone mushrooms. How to
pronounce mushroom names. Shiitake cultivation. General mushroom cultivation.
Outdoor cultivation.Physical
characteristics of mushrooms. Collecting mushrooms in the wild. Bruising
reactions of mushrooms. Psilocybin and Psilocin. Psychoactive effects from
mushrooms. Psilocybin and the related compounds LSD and Mescaline. Field
identification of psychoactive mushrooms. Observing Psilocybe cubensis in the
wild. Mushroom poisonings. Mushroom toxins.Running time...1 hour and 20 minutes.Listed Sale
price at FMRC is $86.00.Each copy is
Serialized and Signed by Stephen L. Peele.
Get this "FRUITOFTHEGODS" DVD, FREE, when you subscribe to
one of FMRC's fine Mushroom Journals.Just send your request to subscribe for one year to:"THEMUSHROOMCULTURE", The
Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) - or our other fine Mushroom Journal
"TEONANACATL", The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms
(TEO).A year's subscription to either
of these fine Mushroom Journals is $30.00.
#87 TMC July 2010Page 09Copyrighted Material
So, to get your free copy of this fantastic Mushroom DVD,
just send $30.00 and state which Journal you wish to subscribe to….and you must
state to also include your free "FRUITOFTHEGODS" DVD.
Here's one even better:Request to subscribe to both Mushroom Journals for one year, a $60.00
listed cost, and send only $50.00!State
to also include your free "FRUITOFTHEGODS" DVD.You must state this to prove you know about
this special FREE gift!FMRC will not
just automatically send the free DVD.You must ask for the FREE DVD Gift, or it will not be sent.
To inspect either of these fine Mushroom Journals, go to
www.mushroomsfmrc.com
And click either (TMC Journals) or (TEO Journals) off of the
Main Menu.
You will quickly find out that these Mushroom Journals are
already a good deal to begin with.Many
times, the free Mushroom Spore Print Sample that is affixed inside every
Journal Issue, is worth more than the Journal itself.FMRC's massive Mushroom Spore Bank and the
reader's input sending Mushroom Spore Prints, means that every Issue always has
at least one free Mushroom Spore Print Sample.Plus, you get all of that great reading about Mushrooms.You can also go to "Catalog" off of
our Main Menu, scroll on down until you come to our Journal Back Issue listing,
and review all past Mushroom Journal Issues, beginning back to 1984.
This Special FREE Gift promotion will expire October 1, 2010
Mail your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.A postal money order that you buy at your
local Post Office, is the best method of payment.Personal checks and other money orders are
also accepted.
---------------------------------------------
Mycology in the Media
Marshall E. Deutsch
In Defenders (the conservation magazine of Defenders of Wildlife) for
Winter 2010, we learn the mechanism whereby Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis kills frogs. Australian scientists have determined that it
“impairs the flow of sodium, chloride and other crucial electrolytes across the
amphibians’ skin.”But Scientific American for February reminds
us that fungi can be useful even post
mortem, citing the Science
studies which described how the amounts of Sporomiella
fungus in fossil mammoth dung“gives an
estimate of how many mammoths and other megafauna were alive at different
points in history.”
Will Science for 12 February also prove to be three months ahead of Scientific American?An article therein lists the more serious
biological threats to food security and most of them are fungal: wheat stem
rust (Puccinia graminis Ug99), potato
blite (Phytophthora infestans), black
sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis, a
threat to bananas), rice blast (Magnaporthe
oryzae), and Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora
pachyrhizi).The issue also
describes the latest edition of Fungi and
Food Spoilage, the “fungi fighters’ bible.”
We finally come across something
nice said about fungi in NewScientist
for 13 February. Therein we learn how the stinking hellebore (its name, not a
judgment on my part) raises its temperature with the help of yeast which
ferments its nectar. The rise in temperature “may cause the flower to release a
volatile which attracts more pollinators.”In the same issue, we learn of the
#87
TMC July 2010Page 10Copyrighted Material
accomplishments of yellow slime mold. “It can…detect nutrients
from afar and judge the most nutritious foods before moving. In the absence of
an optimal food source, it will also stretch itself between two sources,
precisely calculating how much of its mass to devote to each in order to meet
its needs.”
Fungi are featured in an article
about Bhutan
in Science for 19 February. Fruiting
bodies of Cordyceps sinensis fetch
several thousand dollars per kilogram. Fungi other than those which infect
insects are discussed in the article only in the context of how few species
(500) have been described in Bhutan,
compared to 6000 species of plants. As well as feeding on insects, fungi
conversely provide food for insects. The fungal gardens of ants are well known,
but NewScientist for 20 February
points out that termites too cultivate fungal gardens, and that these require
structures to cool the air in the tropics in which they are raised.
Finally for February, on the 21s,t,The Boston Sunday Globe reports on
the death of a high-school sophomore who ingested hallucinogenic mushrooms
before his drug-related death and the differing views as to whether this was an
isolated incident or a symptom of a wider problem.
In Nature for 4 March, we learn how the asexual soil fungi
Glomeromycota have managed to survive for 400 years. Their spores contain
hundreds of nuclei, rather than the typical single nucleus. Reproducing on
carrot roots, Gloomus atunicatum was
shown to pour a stream of nuclei into each spore, but some nuclei were
eliminated “suggesting a method the fungus uses to screen out mutated nuclei.”
And Nature for 11 March reports on
the effects of different strains of the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium coenophialoum on the growth of tall fescue. The
presence of two particular fungal cultivars allowed the greatest growth of
other grasses and herbaceous flowering plants and resulted in the lowest
production of fescue seeds, making for the most desirable outcome in some
situations where the fescue is planted.
WASPs may enlist fungi (e.g. Penicillium) to produce antibiotics to
defend themselves against bacteria, but beewolf digger wasps enlist bacteria to
produce antibiotics to defend themselves against fungi, according to Chemical & Engineering News [C&EN] for March 15. An article therein tells how “Just before
laying eggs, a female beewolf wasp uses Streptomyces
cultures in her antennae as a paint to coat the walls of the underground
nursery where she lays her eggs. The Streptomyces
bacteria produce a cocktail of nine antibiotics that protect the larvae…”
Back to Nature, in whose 18 March issue we learn that different strains of
fungi of the genus Fusarium can
transfer specific plant pathogenicities:“Just by mixing two strains on standard growth medium, transfer of two
whole chromosomes from a Fusariumoxysporum tomato pathogen turns a nonpathogenic
strain into a pathogenic one.”This
issue contains a comparison of the full genomes of “three phenotypically
diverse species” of Fusarium. Plants
passively come into contact with Fusarium mycotoxins, but C&EN for March 22 tells of the discovery of fumonisins,
mycotoxins produced by Fusarium molds
contaminating wine in very low concentrations.
An article in NewScientist for 27 March offers some
interesting observations about white-nose syndrome in bats, pointing out that
the most likely explanation for why European bats remained healthy despite
infestation with the fungus is that it has spread from Europe where the bats
have developed some resistance to it to the U.S. where they haven’t. But, what
scientific journal informs us of the relationship between the fungus that
causes white-nose syndrome in bats and a human pathogen? For this information
we go to The New Yorker for March 29,
wherein we learn that Geomyces
destructans is related to Geomyces
pannorum, which causes skin infections in humans.
Scientific
American for April has a nice article on truffles. The history and biology
are covered (the latter a bit teleologically) and here is what is said about
distribution: “The highest-known diversity of species occurs in Mediterranean
Europe, western North America and Australia—regions mostly characterized by
cool, rainy winters and warm dry summers. With their subterranean lifestyle,
truffles are protected from the heat, drought and frost that can occur when the
fungi produce their fruit.” And NewScientist
for 3 April reveals that the genome of the Perigord
#87
TMC July 2010Page 11Copyrighted Material
black truffle (7500 genes) has been deciphered.
You probably know that cells of animals and
plants contain inclusions (e.g., mitochondria, chloroplasts) which originated
as independent organisms. But wait, there’s more! Science for 9 April tells us that there are bacteria that live in
the cells of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and that they have been doing so for
400 million years and that they “live in the fungal cytoplasm with no
discernable membrane enclosing them” In the same issue, an article on assessing
conservation-related data on distributions, threats and assessments of extinction
shows that concern over fungi is minimal.. They aren’t even listed separately,
but are included in “fungi and others” which includes all species other than
chordates, invertebrates and plants, and which contains fewer than a
three-thousandth of the total number of species which have been assessed.
More details on the genome of the Perigord truffle appear in Nature for 15 April. Therein we learn
that this is the largest and most complex fungal genome so far sequenced and
that it is unusually gene-poor, but “rich in the mobile genetic elements known
as transposons.” This doesn’t fit in with my subjective impression that there’s
not much difference between different Perigord truffles, but is concordant with
the observation made in a paper in the same issue on genetic variation in yeast.
In the latter report “The authors report genetic variations in yeast that
mediate 17 complex traits related to resisting chemicals.”
Obviously, there is much to be learned about
the life of fungi, and unfortunately our increased learning frequently is in
the form of such items as an article in Science
for 16 April which tells how “A tree fungus that used to be a minor nuisance is
now causing a major loss of growth in Douglas firs, a staple of the timber
industry in the Pacific Northwest. Swiss needle cast disease has become an
epidemic in some coastal regions and has significantly lowered productivity.”
No scientific name is given for the infecting agent.
Back to NewScientist , which on 24 April reports in one item that natural
asphalt lakes contain a thriving ecosystem, including fungi and in another item
reports on the number of species estimated to exist. The numbers are 1,203,000
invertebrate species, 298,000plant
species, 250,000 bacteria and protist species, 60,000 vertebrate species and
70,000 fungal species. An accompanying chart illustrating the percentages of
endangered species, neglects to list fungi. However if some fungi are or have
been threatened by extinction, their genes may survive in other living beings.
An example is cited in Science for 30
April, wherein is given evidence that pink mites inherited their ability to
produce carotenoids (and thereby appear pink) by a lateral gene transfer from a
fungus. This increases their appeal as a dietary constituent for ladybugs,
whereas the non-carotenoid-synthesizing green aphids are more likely to be
parasitized by wasps.
Scientific
American for May has an interesting piece on mycorrhizal fungi, discussing
an experiment in which transferring fungi from four-wing saltbush to grama grass
resulted in production of more seed, probably by improving nutrient uptake and
water usage. The article also discusses how the heat-tolerance of tomato plants
was increased by inoculation with fungi taken from plants near hot springs. This effect was mediated by a
virus in the fungus. The fungus and virus also conveyed heat tolerance to rice
and wheat.
Smithsonian for May refers
to the warming effect of yeast on Helleborus
foetidus (the stinking hellebore referred to in my third paragraph), while Wired for May refers to the
mycelium-bound building bricks I told you in my previous column. Not good
sources of mycological information. Much better is BBC News which, on May 13 described a fungus which has infected
about half of Afghanistan’s
poppy crop. Unfortunately it is said to affect wheat and chickens as well. It
is interesting to note that googling “fungus CIA Afghanistan” (without the quotation
marks) led to 84,300 citations.
The
Week has been added to my reading list recently and I find in the May
14 issue a reference to Cryptococcus
gattii , “a tropical bark-dwelling fungus that reached the Pacific Northwest, possibly via imported plants or
timber.” It can cause respiratory problems, meningitis and chest pains weeks
after exposure. It has killed 25 percent of the 21patients known to have contracted it.
#87 TMC July 2010Page 12Copyrighted Material
Fungi appear again in the May 21 issue, wherein it is suggested that a
factor in the different navigational strategies of men and women is that “Men
hunted for thick troves of mushrooms, while women made do with sparser patches
close at hand.” Not very convincing.
It’s hard to find references to fungi
in Mother Jones , but the May/June
issue contains an article on immigrant workers, and these include Laotians in a
mushroom farm in Utah.
And finally, Reason for June, in a
column discussing entrepreneurial foraging, makes mention of chanterelles,
morels and matsutake.
Marshall E. Deutsch
M
A ILC A L L
Dear Mr. Peele,
Please forgive the absence of my latest quiz, I'm having a
heck of a time finding Melzer's reagent. Do you sell it? Do you know where I
could purchase some?
Thank you for your time, Tiffani
Tiffani..........If you are good friends with your local
pharmacist, he may make a small amount for you when you show him its use say
like in a Field Guide or other mushroom book.
The Chloral Hydrate acts as a clearing agent and sets the
solution up for long shelf life.If you
mix the reagent without any Chloral Hydrate, it works just fine when used
immediately.I will place this email in
Mail Call - nextTMC Issue.
Thank You, for your interest in FMRC! Highest Regards,
Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC
--------------------------------------------
Using
Syringe Filters to clean Mushroom Spores from Specimens collected from the wild…….
Syringe filters come in different pore sizes.Say the spores you are trying to clean are 5
microns.Select a 6 micron filter.Filter the spores through, with several
flushes and new sterile water.Take
solution and run through 4 micron filter, again with several flushes and new
sterile water.Only the 5 micron size
will be left on the filter.Draw back
with sterile water, pulling the 5 micron spores back off the filter and into
the syringe.You now have pure 5 micron
spores in sterile water.Remove the
filter and inoculate.Say for Psilocybe cubensis, I'd use a 17 and 12
micron because of their shape.We no
longer make the syringe filters available due to no interest.Search syringe filters on the web.You will want the select the right filter for
the spore size of the species you are trying to clean.You want syringe filters.You will need a syringe filter holder.You will need a nice glass syringe, 10cc at
least.You may have to visit several
sites before you locate the right micron size.You can also try ordering Catalogs that carry syringe filters.
Thank You, for your interest in FMRC! Highest Regards,
Stephen L. Peele
#87 TMC July 2010Page 13Copyrighted Material
New Mushroom
Journal CD-ROMS
“THE MUSHROOM
CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)……Now comes the #3 CD-ROM of “The
Gospel of Mushrooms”. This new #3 CD comes with all the Back Issues
#70 TMC thru #83 TMC! Just like #1 and #2, the #3 CD comes in color, just
like the Issues were published. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it
all. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com
and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue
section for our Journals.
#3 GOSPEL
CD-ROM, TMC’s #70 - #83…………$40.00
“TEONANACATL”, The International
Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)……Now comes the #2 CD-ROM of “TEO” Back Issues. #1 “TEO”
has #1 - #13 “TEO” Back Issues. This new #2
“TEO” CD-ROM has all the “TEO” Back Issues #14 - #28. Just place it in
your computer, and you will be there to see it all. Just like the
“TEO” #1 CD-ROM, this #2 “TEO” CD-ROM comes in color just like the Issues were
published. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues,
just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com
and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue
section for our Journals.
#2 “TEO” CD-ROM,
TEO’s #14 - #28…..………$40.00 Save even more money……..buy both #3 Gospel and #2
TEO CD-ROMs for only……………………..$50.00
-----------------------------------
Cooking With
Mushrooms….by Robin Arnold
CHANTERELLES……….. Cantharellus cibarius, a/k/a
Chanterelle, is a beautiful mushroom, highly
sought after by any fungophile!! They can be quite easily spotted growing
gregariously under Hemlocks (in my area, New England),
especially on an
overcast day. And once you have found them, they will tend to fruit at
the same site, provided the Hemlocks have not fallen to the mighty
chainsaw (sadly, I have lost many high producing spots due to this) and
environmental conditions permit.
Chanterelles hold a symbiotic relationship with hemlocks because they are
mycorrhizal, whereas, the exchange of nutrients between the two, via the #87 TMC July 2010Page 14Copyrighted Material
mushrooms
mycelium and the trees rootlets, is mutually beneficial.
Because of this relationship (as with many other mushrooms and hosts
trees) Chanterelles are produced and the host, the Hemlock, is a
healthier, better growing tree.
The fruiting body at its peak is generally funnel shaped and a stunning
orange. When picked fresh it often has the scent of apricots (In fact,
there is a cordial you can make with them!) The underside, gill area,
consists more of deep ridges than gills. The ridges are deeply decurrent,
forming from the cap edge down the stalk. The spores are a creamy color.
There exists what is called a False Chanterelle, Hygrophoropsis
aurantiaca, but with the correct mushroom guides, it can be ruled out
fairly easily. Also, the Jack-O-Lantern, Omphalotus sp., are said to
resemble Chanterelles, again, it can differences can easily be discovered
with thorough evaluations/comparisons of the two. You don’t want to make
a mistake with that one. I’d recommend many different books/field guides!
The gills of the Omphalotus genus are said to glow. When I was first
collecting Chanterelles and was doing all possible to make sure that’s
what I had, each time I gathered some I brought them into a dark room, of
course they didn’t glow because I had Chanterelles!
They are well worth getting to know!! Then you can try the delicious
recipe included in this issue of TMC!!!
CHANTERELLE AND WITH RICE
CASSEROLE…….
¾ lb. Fresh Chanterelles, 1 c. long grain wild rice, 4 Tbsp. onion, diced,
1 Tbsp. minced garlic, ¼ c. almond slivers, 2 ½ c. chicken broth, ¼ c. butter
or oleo.
Preheat oven to 325 F. Place
mushrooms, rice, onions, garlic and almond
slivers into a 2 qt. casserole dish. Pour broth over and dot with the
butter. Cover and bake until rice is tender, approximately 1 ½ hours.
Enjoy as a side dish as a compliment to chicken, steak or pork!!
Afterwards, relax with a spot of Chanterelle Cordial!!!Which you will
need to concoct maybe a week or two in advance!
CHANTERELLE CORDIAL………… You will need……..
1 ½ c. vodka (experiment! Try brandy!)
3-4 oz. young fresh Chanterelles
Place Chanterelles in a clean glass canning jar.
Pour in the vodka to
cover and leave at room temperature. It is ready when the mushrooms have
dropped to the bottom. (2-3 weeks)
The recipe I have doesn’t call for a little sugar, but it’s worth
trying!!
-------------------------------------------
#87
TMC July 2010Page 15Copyrighted Material
The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation
(TMC)
Color photograph for #87, "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE" July 2010 Photograph
Copyrighted by FMRC
Cantharellus cibarius
The “Golden Chanterelle”
Photograph by Stephen L.
Peele
#87 TMC July 2010Page 16Copyrighted Material
A Personal Near Death
With An Amanita
Subj: Amanita poisoning article
Date: 6/14/2010 7:37:32 AM Central Daylight Time
From: tpavek@cornell.edu
To: FloridaMycology@cs.com
File: amanitapoisoning.pdf (117679 bytes) DL Time (24000 bps): <1
minute
Mushroom Culture Editorial Staff, I have attached an article from a local Ithacan
that I found to be both interesting and informative. I think the article would
be both helpful and intriguing to your readers. Dr. Kathy Hodge, Associate
Professor, Cornell’s Dept. of Plant Biology) alerted me to this article and is
the primary contact person if you wish to secure permission to publish the
article in your journal. Cheers, -Todd- Todd J. Pavek, DVM Clinical
Veterinarian Cornell's Center for Animal Resources & Education Ithaca, NY
14853 607-253-3058 tjp46@cornell.edu
Dr. Todd.........thank
you for your email.Cornell has
subscribed to ‘THEMUSHROOMCULTURE” for many years.
The article does have some good points, and certainly points out the
consequences for total disregard to red lights and sirens going off about a
mushroom. I'm thinking perhaps just shoot me the link that people can go
to and read this. I will publish the said link. They get the story,
and Cornell gets the visits. I also send this to Dr. Kathy Hodge. Thank You Both, for your interest in
FMRC! Highest Regards, Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC Hello
Stephen,Sounds fine by me, I presume Kathy is OK with
this since it is a public domain approach.
This copy belongs to:_____________________________
Please follow the indicated routing and
return:
Mycology Department
Botany Department
Biology Department
Science & Mathematics Department
Research & Development
Purchasing
Library
Other_________________________________________
To the desk
of:__________________________________
#87 TMCJuly2010
#86 “TMC” Copyright 2010ISSN: 1078-4314
For April 2010$15.00
The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)
The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent
Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)
To learn more about IMGN, see www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html, or write to FMRC to get complete information on this old and unique mushroom association…many valuable benefits.
___This is a "RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains all spore prints and photographs.
___This is a "NON-RESTRICTED" Issue.It contains no mushroom spore prints.
___This is a "REPRINT"/"Photo Copy" Issue.It may not contain prints or pictures.Published by:Florida MycologyResearch Center (FMRC)
Marshall E. Deutsch:Articles Taken from "The Bulletin Of
The Boston Mycological Club” and other recent references
to fungi encountered during the editor’s quotidian activities
Cooking Editor: Robin Arnold
Chief Editor:Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC
It is official from the USDA:The 2008/2009 USA Mushroom Cash Crop was $957 Million!!!There were only 285 registered growers!!!Maybe you should check out “IMGN” and start getting your share!
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
The world’s only color Mushroom Journal that comes with actual “Live Mushroom Spore Print Samples” affixed inside (held safe inside a small sealed plastic envelope).
C O N T E N T S
#86 TMC April 2010
Journal Subscription and other Journal Information……………………01
How to place an ad in TMC……………………………………………….02
Submitting Spore Samples to be placed free inside this Journal……..02
Culture Flask – Is this your last Issue?................................................08
FMRC Spore Bank Sale…………………………………………………..08
Cooking With Mushrooms…………………………………………………09
Maitake Reduces Bladder Cancer……………………………………….09
Cordyceps Against Cancer……………………………………………….09
Mail Call……………………………………………………………………..10
Amanita muscaria live samples needed……………………………..11
Effect of various spawn substrates on growth behaviour and…….10
yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju.)
Are All Puff Balls safe to eat…………………………………………..18
Spore Generation, how to grow the Mushroom to take prints….....18
Germinating Morel Spores………………………………………………...19
New Mushroom Journal CD-ROMs………………………………………24
Armillaria tabescens spores 1000X under Melzer’s……………………25
Color Photograph of Yellow Morel……………………………………….26
Mycology In The Media……………………………………………………27
Anticarcinogenic activity in Oyster and Shiitake Mushrooms………….………….27
“braised cantaloupe with black-corn fungus” ……………………………………….27
Nutritional needs of fungi and Ants…………………………………………………..27
Bat Fungus………………………………………………………………………………27
End to Yeast and Mold” in store products…………………………………………...27
“Fighting Famine with Fungi.”………………………………………………………..….27
European bats may be tougher………………………………………………………..28
Myceilium and packaging material………………………………………………….…28
"Can The Same Compounds Extracted From The Mushroom, ……...28
Be The Same If From Just The Mycelium?"
aa
Mushroom Journal Subscriptions: If youwould like to order a subscription to “THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, you may send request and payment of $30.00 made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL. 32523, for one year.
Copyright Information: This Journal is Copyrighted under International Law, and all said laws apply. Any material that finds its way into this Journal, and it has already been copyrighted elsewhere, retains original Copyright. Authors and photographers who submit material in this Journal are not restricted from using their work, or the sale thereof. Persons may reprint or transmit this document, only in its complete and original form. No parts, articles, photographs, or any other partial pieces may be removed from this document. If you have any questions about reprinting or retransmitting, call 1.850.327.4378 and ask for Stephen L. Peele. Copies of this document can be given away freely for academic or information purposes. Any sale, placement, or display in any media that involves the transfer of money, of document, or parts of, is a violation of Copyright.
Subscriptions: The electronic version of "The Mushroom Culture" Electronica, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) can be read freely at www.mushroomsfmrc.com under “TMC Journals”.The current Issue will be posted 2 to 3 weeks after the Hard Copies are mailed out to subscribers. "The Mushroom Culture" physical issue (Hard Copy) that contains actual spore print samples and color photographs, that is mailed to you in a thick plain brown envelope, has the following subscription rates: One year’s subscription $30.00 (outside the USA $50.00), Two year’s subscription $50.00 (outside the USA $90.00), Three year’s subscription $70.00 (outside the USA $130.00). "Lifetime" subscription is $1,000.00 (outside the USA $2,000.00). College, University, and other educational library requests may subscribe "Lifetime" for $750.00 (outside the USA $1,750.00).
The Scheduling Dispatch Of This Journal:This Journal's "Hard Copy" is mailed thru the second week of the Issue's Publication month/date. This is usually the first Monday of the said month. Because games and prizes offered in this Journal are restricted to postal mail only, the Electronic Issue is not released until 2 to 3 weeks after the postal mailing of the "Hard Copy". This is done to prevent unfair advantage if both were released at the same time.To view the Electronic Issue, go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com then, click on “TMC Journals”.The FREE Download is made available by donations.To help keep this mycological free service available to all, you may send your donation in any amount to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.TMC is a quarterly publication, 4 times a year. Because many articles are copy/pasted from emails, spelling and grammar errors may exist.They are left “as is” to show proof of original document.
How Many Issues Do I have left on my "TMC" Hard Copy Subscription? Check the number right after your first name or above the business address on the mailing label affixed to the brown envelope your Journal arrives in. This is how many issues are left on your current subscription. Also see "Culture Flask": If your culture flask has a RED Contaminant in it...this is your last issue! Please renew.
Know The Mushroom Laws In Your Area: Some readers who receive this Journal live in areas where no mushroom laws exist. Others, like those in the USA, must be aware of laws that forbid the possession and cultivation of mushrooms that contain controlled substances. Psilocybe cubensis is an example of an illegal mushroom in the USA. As articles are done on an International basis, always keep in mind the laws on these said type mushrooms in your own specific area. Questions? Check with the local law from a pay phone.
Mushroom Identification over the Phone… a public service provided by FMRC to PoisonControlCenters and Emergency Rooms all over the world. Since 1972, the FloridaMycology ResearchCenter has offered this free service 24 hours a day to all PoisonControl Centers and Emergency Rooms. Please take the time to contact your local PoisonControl Center or local hospital and make sure they are aware of this service. Many times, the identification of a mushroom involved in a mushroom poisoning can mean the correct treatment…the wrong treatment could be bad for the victim. Call them and give our "Mushroom ID" phone number…1-850-327-4378.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 01 Copyrighted Material
Advertising in The Mushroom Culture is just good rifle shot advertising.Plus, when it is posted up for download at our website, www.mushroomsfmrc.com, hundreds of thousands of people see it!Pretty good deal, when you think about it.If its Mushroom Related, and you want to sell it, try this:
HowTo PlaceAnAd In“TMC”
For 1 full year (4 issues)…Full page $500.00, ½ page $250.00, ¼ page $125.00.
For one time (1 issue)…Full page $200.00, ½ page $100.00, ¼ page $50.00, 40 word ad $20.00.
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Books Available Only From FMRC’s Book Store………And Now It Is On Line For FREE Viewing
Mushroom Books You Never Knew Existed
For a complete list of FMRC’s publications, videos, and a listing of all the Back Issues of "TMC" with a summary of each ones contents, see the FMRC “MAIN” Catalog posted On Line at our website www.mushroomsfmrc.com then click “Catalogs” off of our Main Menu. Then just scroll down and you will see all we have to offer.Also, check out our “Store”. The down load or copy/paste is free.
Submitting Spore Samples for This Journal
Submitting spore samples for Journal entries, entitles you to one year’s free subscription to the "Physical" Hard Copy issues published by FMRC. Only select prints that you are sure of identification. Do not submit samples you cannot identify. "TMC" and "TEO" ("THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) and "TEONANACATL", The International Journal Of Psychoactive Mushrooms TEO), both published by FMRC, remain the only "color" mushroom journals that come with mushroom spore print samples. This is mainly due to reader collection and the fact it is quite troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To this date, I know of no one else who has tried taking on this task. Mushroom prints should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be taken on white paper. Light colored or white spores
should be taken on a dark colored paper. This will ensure contrast and make the spores easy to see. Seven to nine complete sheets should be submitted. Place and affix (with staple or tape) cover sheet over each sheet of prints. Send date and where collected. Wild edibles make the best submissions for the "TMC" Journal. If you wish to submit a controversial type, like Psilocybe cyanescens, these said types may be submitted (or we will forward) to "TEONANACATL", The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO). Because these issues have this unique feature of mushroom spore print samples to aid in the correct identification of mushrooms collected out in the wild, they have a cutoff of 3,000 subscribers. This makes original Hard Copy back issues of "TMC" and "TEO" rare and the most valuable to collect.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 02 Copyrighted Material
Mushroom Spore Print sample For #86“TMC”"THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
Armillaria tabescens
EDIBILITY –Choice Edible
FMRC’s Catalog Number …………………………………………………………#SO1223
Samples collected by Todd Litteken, TX ………Fall, 2009
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"TMC” Journal Sale
SALE #1. …. Order any TEN back issues ($100 value) and get a full year’s subscription ($30 value) for only $60.00. Overseas and outside the USA, Airmail $80.00.
SALE #2 .….Order back issues #01 through #60 ($600 value), and also included is: #EE (TMC’s famous EXTRA EDITION Issue that first exposed our government‘s action of destroying Psilocybe cultures held at our Nation‘s culture bank, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) ($10.00 value). Plus get a full year’s subscription ($30 value)…..This $640.00 value of TMC publications and the subscription is yours for only $200!Overseas and outside the USA $250. When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or color photographs may be affixed).
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TMC Back Issues
Back Issues of this Journal are $10.00 each.Rising costs in printing, storage, and postage are the main reasons.When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or Color photographs may be affixed in these Issues).To insure complete Original Issues with color photographs and affixed Spore Samples, you must subscribe.The Current Issue of TMC is $15.00
FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are Now Online…..FREE
Exciting News from FMRC! Mushroom Journals can now be seen, read, downloaded, and inspected free at www.mushroomsfmrc.comThen, click the desired Current Mushroom Journal!"TEO Journals" for "TEONANACATL”, the International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) and, "TMC Journals" for "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, the Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC).
#86 TMC April 2010Page 03 Copyrighted Material
A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)
Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984!Now, over 25 years of mycological documentations............
All this is made possible by donations.Make your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today.This will insure the future Postings and the Journals themselves.
For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click Catalogs.Scroll down until you come to them.Said pages will be toward the end.
The Mushroom spore print samples that are included in this Journal are offered for microscopy and identification purposes only. No growing claims are made as none of these samples has been tested for such by FMRC. All samples that are sent in by readers are presumed viable. Each sample provided should consist of “plus or minus” 10,000 spores. These spores are like their seeds, only very small. So small in fact, they are measured in microns, and cannot be singled out without the use of a microscope. These spores are very valuable when it comes to identification of the mushroom. Mushroom spores can be compared to fingerprints of humans. Besides being of different colors, the spores will also be of different shapes and sizes. FMRC offers spore samples of different species. These can be used as "standards". It would be a good idea to have mushroom spores available for comparison when making ID’s. FMRC offers the world’s largest mushroom spore bank of its kind available. Physicians should have on hand several different species of mushroom spores in order to have standards in which to compare suspected mushroom spores.
The physician should have on hand any lethal or poisonous mushroom spores that are known to be found in his area of service. FMRC uses the following criteria for edibility designation: DEADLY…Mushroom contains toxins that will cause death. POISONOUS…Mushroom contains psychoactive to gastrointestinal toxins, and not likely to cause death…EDIBLE/CHOICE EDIBLE…all of these type mushrooms are selected for the table.
Because "TMC" has many readers who are not IMGN Members, your issue may not contain a certain spore print sample that is "Restricted" by FMRC. In cases where samples of this nature are provided, you must be an IMGN Member in order to receive said spore print samples. To find out more about FMRC’s Independent Mushroom Grower’s Network (IMGN), consult FMRC’s
"MAIN" Catalog, or write to FMRC and ask for IMGN details (postal or email (floridamycology@cs.com)). Your mailing label will be noted "IMGN" if you are a member. Without this notation, your issues may not contain any "Restricted" samples. University/College, Mycology related businesses, or Doctor’s office subscriptions do not apply. Reprints of back issues may not contain color photos or any spore print samples. Photocopies are supplied when all original issues have been sold. To insure an original copy with all materials, you must subscribe.
If your Country, State, City, or County forbids biological materials from entering their borders, please inform us of this fact. Example, New Zealand. Inmates who receive this Journal will receive no spore samples. You will be placed under a special mailing list and your issues will not contain spore samples. If you continue to receive "TMC" with mushroom spore samples, and live
in an area where they are forbidden, you will accept all liabilities and responsibilities. When FMRC learns about a forbidden area, all issues going into that area will comply with its local laws. EXAMPLE: No spore samples of any mushroom capable of producing a controlled substance will be included in "TMC" issues bound for the State of California. FMRC is aware of
#86 TMC April 2010Page 04 Copyrighted Material
CA State Laws, which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no
conditions. Not even if you are a medical doctor working under a Federal Grant at a CA College or University, and an IMGN Member…these will not be shipped to CA.If you would like to receive "Restricted" Issues, and live in CA or other illegal areas, you must give a legal shipping address. We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any event, only on rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print samples affixed inside that will be capable of producing any said controlled substances, and their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been brought about by the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type spore print samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal."Non Restricted" Issues, not containing these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like CA, ID, or GA.
Submitting Articles To "TMC": You may submit any article by yourself to FloridaMycology@cs.com or by postal mail. Other articles found in newspapers and other print, should be sent postal mail. Any article used earns the sender a year’s free subscription to
"TMC". "TMC" is the physical issue of this Journal. So, be sure to include your postal address when submitting any articles. Mail Call entries earn no free subscription. You may state not to have your name published or listed with article. Ideas about regular columns by you are welcomed, as is all other ideas, which you feel, will be helpful to this Journal.
If you see any article about mushrooms, past or present, and you think others may like to read about it, send it in. If it is used in "TMC", you get the free subscription. If you find a large stand of a particular species of mushroom, and are able to collect 7 to 10 good full sheets of spore prints (enough to place samples in "TMC"), send them in. If they are accepted, they will be placed in
"TMC", and you get the free subscription. If you send anything in that has to do with mushrooms, and it is used (Mail Call letters do not apply), you get the free subscription. If you do not want your name mentioned, please state so and we will honor your wishes. Free subscriptions are physical issues with spore print samples and 4" X 6" color photographs.
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FMRC's "Stimulus Sales"
Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community.It will be a long time running sale:
Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN). Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)
During the Stimulus Sale, your cost is only $150.00!
With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00 worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is going on in the World of Mushrooms.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits $150.00
(Out of USA $180.00)
Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course. Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html
This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:
#86 TMC April 2010Page 05 Copyrighted Material
COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled Mushrooms.FMRC was the first to introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by "come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace, sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!
Tuition Schedule:
Doctor......................$500.00
Master.......................260.00
Bachelor...................180.00
Associate.................100.00
Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and "Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students living outside the US must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and Handling.
Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by the University of North West Florida, "To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore microscopy and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They openly relay to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When I tell them about these very same courses and how they can take them at their own pace and time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher specific learning accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges offer. Persons holding academic degrees can present our "Certificate of Completion" as supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning into the specific area of Basidiomycetes.
When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff. You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good one. It is available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for under $20.00. "Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 06 Copyrighted Material
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course $200.00
(Out of USA $240.00)
Want to save even more?
Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over $1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00.
Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted. Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.
MUSHROOM QUIZ "MQ"
Mushroom Quiz ("MQ") is featured in each edition of this Journal. If you know the answer, write it down and mail it in. No phone calls. No E-mail. No FAX. Your entry must be mailed by 1st Class U.S. Mail only (Overseas and Out Of Country can use Airmail). The first letter that is opened and has the correct answer WINS.
What do you win? An entire year’s subscription to this Journal…..FREE! Your name will be posted with the correct answer in the following edition (unless you state "Not to publish your name"). So, come on and impress your mushroom friends with your knowledge. Send your entry to FMRC, "MQ", POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.
Last Issue’s "MQ" for #84 "TMC":What does “Amerospore” mean?
Last Issue’s Answer:It is a One-Celled Spore.
WINNER with first correct answer:Craig Davis, TN.
"MQ" For This Issue #85:When speaking of spore shapes, what does “Falcate” mean?
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Subscription Sale with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals
For over 20 years, FMRC has published the World's only color mushroom journals that come with actual "Spore Print Samples" affixed inside. And now, subscribing to these great mushroom journals is better than ever before.Order a TWO Year Subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) for the low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 Out of USA) and receive the 2 Disk Set of "THE GOSPEL OF MUSHROOMS”, a $60.00 value!
All the TMC Issues from #01 to #69 are on "THE GOSPEL”.You will see all the mycological achievements made over the last 2 decades.....all in COLOR!All the stories, all the events, they’re all here.A major Mycological Publishing Event!All you have to do is just place the disks into your computer, and you will be there to see it all!
Or, you can order a TWO-year subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of
Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and receive the TEO Issues #01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!
When placing your order please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.
If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years will just be added to your current subscription.Here is one even better……..
#86 TMC April 2010Page 07 Copyrighted Material
Order BOTH Journals, and just send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions.This will save you Big Time.......($150.00 Out of USA)
Mail your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.Sorry, no online or credit card orders.The FloridaMycology ResearchCenter (FMRC), Publisher.
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CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE
Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input: Todd Litteken for free mushroom spore print samples, Craig Davis for Correct MQ answer and Robin Arnold for “Germinating Morel Spores” and Color Photograph of Yellow Morel.
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CULTURE FLASK…….. Is this your last Issue on Subscription?
For Physical "TMC" HARD COPY Subscriptions That Contain Spore Samples
IF YOUR CULTURE FLASK HAS A "RED" CONTAMINANT IN IT, THIS IS YOUR LAST ISSUE!Send $30 to renew your subscription ($50 US Dollars for Out Of Country), for another year's subscription.The "RED" contaminant is your only reminder, other than your mailing label saying "00" issues left after your first name.As we value your support and interests, please send payment now while it is on your mind.This way, "TMC" can continue and you will never miss an issue.After all, it is your Journal
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S P O R EB A N K S A L E
For those who have not seen this Sale posted on FMRC’s Website:The Entire Mushroom Spore Bank, over 200 different Samples, is on sale for only $1,000.00!And, when any new species are listed in the Bank, and you have an interest in receiving it, just let us know that you purchased the Entire Collection before.Just make the request and it will be shipped right off to you at no charge!
This entire massive collection, the World’s Largest Mushroom Spore Bank of its type since 1972, can be inspected and downloaded at www.mushroomsfmrc.com.
To be the proud owner of this entire spore bank collection, simply mail in your request for the Entire Mushroom Spore Sample Collection, held at FMRC. The best method of payment is a Postal Money Order that you buy at your local Post Office.Send your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523. If you live in CA, GA, or ID, or other areas where it is illegal to possess mushroom spores capable of producing controlled substances, send only $830.00.All said type species will not be included.Otherwise, you must give a good legal shipping State to receive the entire, full, Collection.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 08 Copyrighted Material
Cooking With Mushrooms….by Robin Arnold
LOOSE MORELS...
First off, get to know your morels....Hunt them down anytime from mid April into June, depending on where you live. I have only found yellow morels in old abandoned apple orchards, but it's not the only place they may be found!!. But I have grown them in a mixed soil in garden beds. Black morels I have only found in pine areas.
Once you have your morels, set them aside.
Other ingredients: (For 10-15 medium sized morels)
1 small onion, minced
2 cloves of garlic, minced
1/8 cup bread crumbs
12 oz. jar of Alfredo sauce (you may use chicken or beef gravy)
Linguini
salt and pepper to taste
Also, any bits and pieces of your loose morels you may have!!
Preheat oven to 350 F.Cook the linguini as per the instructions on the box.
Sauté, while stirring, the onions, garlic and morel pieces 10 minutes on medium low heat.
Add 2 tbsp. water to pan and stir in the bread crumbs.
Use this mixture to stuff the morels. Bake at 350 F approximately 10 minutes.
Heat the Alfredo sauce.
Place 5 or so stuffed morels on top of the Linguini.
Drizzle the sauce over the top.Serves 2-3.
You never thought loose morels could be so good!
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Maitake Reduces Bladder Cancer
A team being led by Dr. Brandon Louie at the urology Department of New Your Medical College have shown that interferon alpha can reduce bladder cancer cell growth up to 66 percent in-vitro (in the test tube).Maitake D-Fraction can decrease the cell growth by 53 percent.When combined together, they reduced cell growth as much as 75 percent.The study: “Synergistic Potentiation of Interferon Activity With Maitake Mushroom D-Fraction on Bladder Cancer Cells” will be published in an upcoming issue of the British Journal of Urology International.
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Cordyceps Against Cancer
The University of Nottingham reports that a team led by Dr. Comelia de Moor has discovered how an extract of Cordyceps works to fight against cancer.The new
#86 “TMC” April 2010Page 09Copyrighted Material
drug, Cordycepin, interferes with the way cells make protein.At low doses it interferes with mRNA that tells the body how to assemble a protein thus inhibiting uncontrolled cell growth and cell division.At higher doses, the drug directly impacts the making of protein.This stops the cells from sticking together and further inhibits growth.This knowledge should help researchers predict which types of cancer might best be treated with the drug and what other drugs might be combined with it.It may also lead to the development of new drugs that work on the sample principle. The study will appear in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Hello, My name is Guy, a graduate biology student from Israel.
I'm interested in conducting a research project to study the metabolic pathway in synthesis of compounds called betalains, which are present in the mushroom amanita muscaria. For this project i will need fresh material. I have found a number of vendors that sell dry material over the internet but have not found anyone who supplies it fresh. Do you sell fresh specimens or know how i can find some?
I would consider buying some spores but growing mycorrhitic mushrooms would take too long, and they will probably not grow in our hot climate anyway.
Thank you for your help, Guy
Guy.......The fruiting season here for Amanita muscaria has ended several weeks ago. I can tell you, fresh A. muscaria do not ship very good. Usually arrive in a gooey mess, or fly larvae have taken over. They are probably now fruiting just south, like in Mexico. I am going to publish your email in our "Mail Call" section of the "TEONANACATL" mushroom journal we publish. It will go out in February. (you can check out back issues by just clicking "TEO Journals" off of our main menu. If you would like, I would also place your email address. That way, maybe someone will read the story and be able to help you. Let me know. Otherwise, I will just use "Guy" as sender of email question.
Thank You, for your interest in FMRC! Highest Regards, Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC (I also placed this here in TMC, slp/fmrc)
Hello Stephen, Sure, you can include my email address in the question.Thank you, Guy
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) is one of the yield potential mushroom which can be cultivated in polythene bags on wheat straw after sterilizing the substrates. Various spawn substrates have been utilized for cultivation of oyster mushroom. Generally wheat grain is used for spawn preparation in large scale in India and abroad too. However, this wheat grain is costly as well as not locally available in some regions or countries. The best spawn substrates, should be cheapest, locally available and suitable for rapid colonization by mushroom mycelium. Therefore the present investigation was conducted to see the effect of various spawn substrates on growth behaviour and yield potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju.
Mostly cereal gains or non waste granules are used for the preparation of mushroom spawn but in some cases other substrate like straw, sawdust or composts are an excellent alternative because of their longer life, their selectivity, availability, cheapest, comfortable and antifeedant effect on mice and other grubbing animals. Dugger, (1905); for the first time produced pure tissue culture spawn preparation technique which is no more in practice today. Sinden (1932) introduced grain spawn with the edition of calcium salt to rye grains. Terrier (1945) used wheat and corn grain spawns for cultivation of Psalliota compestris.
Singer, (1961); has suggested various wastes can be used for spawn production of different species of mushrooms. Apple peels and other apple residues mixed with paper wastes for Morchella. Chopped hey and fermented horse manure for Agaricus, rice bran, as additive with sawdust for shiitake mushroom (Lentinus species). Spent straw viable Volvariella bed straw inoculation of new Volvariella beds, mostly when production becomes scanty. Chopped tobacco stem used for spawn production of Agaricus.
Materials and Methods
Mushroom culture : The pure culture of Pleurotus sajor-caju was prepared by mushroom tissue culture technique in the Mushroom Spawn Laboratory, Department of Mycology and plant pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B. H. U. Varanasi. #86 TMC April 2010Page 11Copyrighted Material
Sub-culture : Pure culture of Pleurotus sajor-caju was subsequently sub-cultured in Petri dishes and culture tubes under aseptic condition on potato dextrose agar medium and incubated at 26±10C temperature in BOD incubator for further investigation.
Preparation of spawn : Four spawn substrates viz. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Maize grain (Zea mays L.), Wheat straw and course powder of Mango stiff (CPMS) (Mangifera indica L.) were used in the experiment for spawn production. Wheat grain and maize grain (1kg each) boiled in pan until the softening of grain. Wheat straw and CPMS (same amount) were soaked in water for 18 hour. The boiled grains, wheat straw and CPMS were spread on sieve to drains out the excess water. After cool down the grains, gypsum and chalk powder each @ 2% were mixed in grain spawn materials for avoidance to grain clumping and sticking. These materials were filled in clean saline bottles (500ml) @ 300 gram/bottle and plugged with non absorbent cotton. These grain filled bottles were sterilized in an autoclave at 15 lbs (1210c) pressure for 30 minutes. The sterilized bottles were allowed to cool down and aseptically inoculated the mycelium impregnated PDA bits from 7 days old culture of Pleurotussajor-caju. These inoculated bottles were incubated at 26±10C temperature in BOD incubator. These inoculated bottles were gently shaken after 4 days interval for the obtaining uniform growth of the mycelium.
Preparation of substrates :
Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) was soaked in water for 18 hours and drained off excess water. This moisten straw was pasteurized by autoclave at 10 lbs for 30 minutes.
Spawning :
Mixing of spawn in the well prepared substrate is called spawning.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 12Copyrighted Material
Generally two types of spawning methods (mixing and layer method) are followed by mushroom growers. Well prepared different types of spawns (2% moist wt. basis) were mixed with the pasteurized substrate and filled in polythene bags (30x20cm). The mouth of each bag was tied with a rubber band and 8 holes made in each bag for proper aeration. Mushroom bags were completely colonized by mushroom mycelium within 18-34 days according to utilized different substrate spawn. This mycelium colonization period is called spawn run period. The polythene bags were removed gently from the substrate after spawn running and this compact substrate block placed on racks in the cropping chamber. The water was sprinkled regularly (twice a day) on those compact mosses of the substrate (Mushroom beds). These mushroom beds were kept in glass house under dark condition at seasonal temperature and humidity ranging between 24-280C and 75-80 percent respectively during formation of fruiting bodies and flush-harvesting period.
Observation of growth behaviour and yield :
Spawn run period, pining period and harvesting period of fruit body were recorded in days. The yield of each flush and total yield was recorded in grams. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications for each treatment.
Results and Discussions
Data presented in Table 1 shows that there was much difference in spawn run period, ranging from 18 to 34 days. The mushroom pin heads were first initiated (20 days) from maize grain spawn substrate followed by wheat grain (24 days), wheat straw (35 days) and mango stiff (38 days), respectively. The first flush from maize spawn
#86 TMC April 2010 Page 13 Copyrighted Material
substrate was completed in 34 days and it was followed by wheat grain, wheat straw and mango stiff which took 38, 49 and 55 days, respectively. The minimum cropping period was recorded as 45 days from maize grain spawn substrate while mango stiff spawn substrate was completed much later in 67 days.
Our finding confirmed the results of Awasthi and Pandey (1989); Chang and Miles (1989) and Poppe (1995). They had shown spawn run period and yield of edible fungi produced on various grains and straw spawn substrates in their respective experiments.
Data presented in Table 2 indicates that the best yields 400.6g/bag and 378.4 g/bag were obtained from maize grain spawn substrate and wheat grain spawn substrate, respectively, which was followed by wheat straw spawn substrate (285.8 g/bag) and mango stiff spawn substrate (249 g/bag). From the results, it was concluded that the 1st flush gave much higher yield than the 2nd and 3rd flushes in all the spawn substrates.
Summary and conclusion
The result shows that there was much differences in the spawn run period ranging from 18 to 34 days. The fruit bodies were initiated 2-7 days after colonization which were ready for harvesting of 1st flush in next 3-5 days on all spawn substrates. Three flushes were taken during different total cropping periods between 45-67 days.
Major variabilities were recorded in yield of each flush and from total flushes. The highest yield (400g/bag) was obtained from maize grain spawn substrate followed by wheat grain spawn substrate (378.4g/bag). The yield of 1st flush was much higher than 2nd and 3rd flushes in all the spawn substrates.
References
1.Awasthi, S.K. and Pandey 1989. Modified technique for spawn production of oyster mushroom in polypropylene bag. Geobios. 20 : 272-274
2.Chang, S.T. & Miles, P.G. 1989. Edible mushrooms and their Cultivation. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. #86 TMC Page 14 Copyrighted Material
3. Duggar, B.M. 1905. Some principles in mushroom growing and spawn making U.S. Deptt. of Agri. &Tech. Bull.85 : 1-60.
4. Poppe, J.A. 1995. Cultivation of Edible mushrooms on tropical cultural wastes, Biennial Training course ABOS and VLIR, University Gent.
5. Sinden, J.W. 1932. Mushroom spawn and making of the same. U.S. Patent. 1 : 869.
6. Singer, R. 1961. Mushroom and Truffles. New York Inters science publishers.
7. Terrier, L. 1945. Mode of preparation of the host bed mushroom (Psallitacompestris) Ann. Agric. Suisse. LIX. 10 : 949-952.
Table 1 : Effect of various spawn substrates on growth behaviour of Pleurotussajor-caju.
Spawn substrates
Growth behaviour in days
Spawn run period
Initiation of premordia
Harvesting period of 1st flush
Harvesting period of 2ndflush
Harvesting period of 3rd flush
Maize grain
18
20
24
34
45
Wheat grain
21
24
27
38
50
Mango stiff
34
38
43
55
67
Wheat straw
28
35
38
49
61
Table 2 :Effect of different spawn substrates on the yield of Pleurotussajor-caju :
In "North American Mushrooms" by Orson Miller, page 441, under
edibility:
There are no toxins reported.......
I still warn people, sometimes a person can have a specific allergic
reaction to any fungus.
Always eat just a small sample of a mushroom you have never eaten
before. This way, if there is a reaction, it will be small. Things
like swollen lips, rash, upset stomach are common. Never heard of a
deadly puffball. I do remember years ago a story about some people
"sniffing" up some puffball spores, and the results were very bad.
Seem to remember there was a death. I'd have to go back and check. I
will do a blurb on this in the next TMC Mushroom Journal #86. slp/fmrc
Subj: Spore Generation
Date:3/17/2010
From:dr. karl
To:floridamycology@cs.com
Dear FMRC & Mr. Peele ~
The school here has several species and strains to maintain, some of which can only be kept as spore samples. How do the retail vendors of active spore samples produce their stock? Are there acceptable guidelines or things one
#86 TMC April 2010Page 18 Copyrighted Material
should do/know when producing specimens for spore collection?
Thanks! Thought if someone knew you would..
Dr. Karl.......Vendors maintain small grows just for the purpose of having plenty fresh spores. Even PF had a small grow when he was raided just for this purpose.I guess most of it here in the USA is done in secret for obvious reasons.In other countries, not so much a problem.Most spores will stay viable for 2 to 3 years when held in proper dry conditions on paper or glass slides.Holding them just above freezing can greatly extend their life. If good and dry, locked in a vessel, and held a few degrees below freezing, no telling how long.This also holds true for the mushroom's mycelium too. Some mushroom spores have what is known as a re-ripening period.These type spores must be of a certain age before they will germinate.I read somewhere that some species of Clitocybe have to be at least 9 years old before they will germinate.Years ago when Jeremy Bigwood ran tests on Peele's Lepiota, the spore samples that gave the best results where 5 years old.Keep in mind that the spores you collect for future crops should be all done under sterile conditions.This includes the mushroom itself that you will take spore samples from..........I will use this in Mail Call.
Thank You, for your interest in FMRC! Highest Regards, Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC
----------------------------------------
GERMINATING MOREL SPORES
I don’t think there is a mycologist or mycophagist out there who doesn’t
anticipate the onset of spring and the hope of gathering the elusive
Morels. After searching the many abandoned apple orchards in my area
(southern New Hampshire) I was fortunate enough to happen upon a few
Yellow Morels, Morchella esculenta. The following year the site rewarded
me with a plethora of these delectable morsels. I kept track of the of
the snowfall, rainfall and temperatures year after year. The results I
determined didn’t seem to have much of an affect on whether I found a lot
or a couple. Unless, of course, fellow fungi foragers, such as deer, beat
me to them. So, I began gathering spores in the hopes of germinating,
inoculating and growing my own.
Morels are a member of the Ascomycetes. Meaning their spores are borne
from flask-like sacs called asci, these are found within the crevices of
the cap. To collect the spores I sliced the caps in half and placed them
crevice side down on pieces of glass that fit in my dehydrator. I then
dried the morels. The spores were released onto the glass – in quite
large numbers I might add. There were so many, in fact, the inside of the
dehydrator was covered in yellowish Morel “dust”! After dehydration was
complete, or I noticed I had ample spores, I covered the glass with the
spores with another piece of glass, taped the edges and marked the name
and date on the outside. Some were kept out for my growing attempts.
Here is an explanation of my endeavors…
#86 TMC April 2010Page 19 Copyrighted Material
Just a note – it has been my finding that the older the spores the less
(or slower) germinating. So use the freshest spores available! Also, you
will be amazed at how quickly germination takes place. As a test, or for
the fun of it, put some spores into a bowl of water with a little sugar
in it (I used fresh maple syrup. Hey, I’m in New England…). The next day
you, with the help of a microscope, can view spores in the germinating
process! After which you of course dump this water into a flowerbed or
put a drop or two onto agar. (Got ahead of myself…)
Back to my experiments…Oh, and you might be thinking “Hey, lady why
would I go through all of this to get Morels when I can just buy them?”
Well, first of all, if you’re calling me a lady you’ve obviously never
met me. Second, if you don’t feel compelled to germinate spores,
inoculate substrate and grow your own mushrooms, in my opinion, you’re
not a true mycologist. And three, if you fall into #2…you wouldn’t be
subscribing Okay, here are the basics you’ll need to start:
Morel spores (Yep, I must state the obvious, some people
aren’t as astute as yourself)
Petri Dishes
Agar
Pressure Cooker
Spawn Bags
Peat Moss, Gypsum, Rye Seed
Beer……? Well why not
One experiment, I call FLAB (Flat Light American Beer – See, there is a
use for it!!) I mixed the agar (one cup liquid to one tablespoon agar).
This was sterilized in the pressure cooker at 15 psi for 30 minutes.
While I waited for the agar I sterilized the petri dishes simply by
soaking them in a diluted chlorine solution. The petri dishes were place
in gallon baggies I had sprayed with a little rubbing alcohol. You could
also build yourself a glove box, but in my little world, space is an
issue. You must sterilize yourself as well…..and the surfaces. After the
agar was finished in the pressure cooker, enough was poured into each
petri dish to fill about ¼ inch deep. This is all done rather quickly –
pull out a dish, load ‘er up and put back into the baggie. When all the
dishes had agar, I gave the baggie another little squirt of rubbing
alcohol, inside and out, and put aside to cool. After cooled I scraped in
some spores and put in a dark, 70 degree area. The spores germinated
quite well… maybe trying a real beer would benefit further. It did me.
I also tried experimenting with an agar mixed with vegetable stock and
one with corn water. Both were effective as Morel spores germinated and
hyphae grew rapidly. It is my belief Morels seem to enjoy carbohydrates.
After the petri dishes colonized I attempted to continue the growth on
both grain/sawdust/peat/gypsum mix and a topsoil/peat mix. None of which
I sterilized. I probably should have in reference to the grain mix, which
#86 TMC April 2010Page 20 Copyrighted Material
I did in spawn bags, for only one made it. Let this be a lesson to you,
don’t take short cuts by getting over-confident – or cocky whichever the
case. The topsoil and peat mix did better. All of which I grew, along
with the mold in two of the spawn bags, at 70 degrees F. The entire
process to colonization of the secondary substrate was about a month.
Never got any to fruit in “captivity” but I put all of the colonized
substrates in flowerbeds and under untreated apple trees. It took until
the following spring to get a few Morels in the flowerbeds and another
year near the fruit trees. Maybe if I used ale instead of light beer it
would have helped. It did me.
By the way, when I filled the spawn bags I put a layer of wet sawdust
first, then a layer of rye seed (soaked over night). STERILIZE at 15 psi
for 2 hours. After cooled add mycelium to top and cover with peat moss.
That’s what I did, except the sterilization part….
With the healthy, growing Morel spawn you could also prepare specific
beds consisting of wood ashes, gypsum and apple chips. Again, I truly
believe there is a connection between the Morel growth cycle, its
required nutrients and carbohydrates and/or carbon, and moisture, of
course.
These are just a few of my findings. Experiment on your own and send your
experiences and results to TMC!!! Tell him Robin sent ya!
………….Mister Stephen,
I was looking through some past TMC issues. I found an e-mail I had sent
you, many moons ago, about growing Morel mycelium. You had suggested
cutting a small piece out from up inside the fruiting body and placing
that on agar. Maybe could add that to the article, or near it. Apparently
I didn’t try it :) Will make sure to do that as soon as all this white
crap melts and Morels pop up!!!
#86 TMC April 2010Page 21 Copyrighted Material
Morel Culture on PetriMorchella esculenta
Morel Spawn Bag - Morchella esculenta
#86 TMC April 2010Page 22 Copyrighted Material
Morel SporesMorchella esculenta
This Issue’s Color Photograph, page, is taken from the CD “Spore Photos of Various Mushrooms Found in New Hampshire”, by Robin Arnold.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 23 Copyrighted Material
New Mushroom Journal CD-ROMS
“THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)……Now comes the #3 CD-ROM of “The Gospel of Mushrooms”. This new #3 CD comes with all the Back Issues #70 TMC thru #83 TMC! Just like #1 and #2, the #3 CD comes in color, just like the Issues were published. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.
#3 GOSPEL CD-ROM, TMC’s #70 - #83…………$40.00
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“TEO” CD-ROM has all the “TEO” Back Issues #14 - #28. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. Just like the
“TEO” #1 CD-ROM, this #2 “TEO” CD-ROM comes in color just like the Issues were published. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.
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#86 TMC April 2010Page 24 Copyrighted Material
Armillaria tabescens spores 1000X under Melzer’s Reagent showing a nonamyloid reaction.Microscopy and photograph by S.L. Peele.
#86 TMC April 2010Page 25Copyrighted Material
The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)
Color photograph for #86, "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
April 2010
Photograph Copyrighted by FMRC
Morchella esculenta
The “Yellow Morel” Photograph by Robin Arnold
#86 TMC April 2010Page 26 Copyrighted Material
Mycology in the Media
Marshall E. Deutsch
Here is a statement made in the abstract of a paper on beta-glucans in higher fungi, which appeared in the edition of Nutrition Reviews which was published online on 4 November: “A number of β-glucans, for example pleuran from Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) mushrooms or lentinan from Shiitake (Lentinus edodes ) mushrooms, have shown marked anticarcinogenic activity. In addition to having an immunity-stimulating effect, β-glucans may participate in physiological processes related to the metabolism of fats in the human body.”
The New Yorker for November 9 also discusses mycophagy in an article in which “braised cantaloupe with black-corn fungus” is one of the least intimidating menu items to be mentioned. And Science for 13 November describes a physical mechanism whereby droplets are ejected “in a dramatic out-of-plane jump” from a superhydrophobic [very water repellent] surface, concluding with “Interestingly, a similar mechanism is thought to be used by a type of mushroom to eject a spore from its sterigma.
The Wall Street Journal for November 19 describes the takeover of “a 760-gram, or 27-ounce white truffle from the city of Alba” by a consortium of 6 Hong Kong residents for US$129,000. Then again, The New Yorker for November 23 describes“Bernard Loiseau’sLa Côte d’Or, where the chicken stuffed with carrots, leeks, and truffles was two hundred and sixty-seven dollars.” This was an article on the Michelin rating system, but mentions white truffles in an article on Thanksgiving, but only in a nonfiscal manner.
But how about the nutritional needs of fungi? Chemical andEngineering News (C&EN ) for November 23 describes how “the abundance of nitrogen in fungus gardens grown by tropical ants is due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria living symbiotically with the insects.”
Papers in Science for 20 November explain how a fungus has helped in interpreting lake sediments from about 10,000 years ago: the decline in the abundance of spores of the dung fungus Sporomiella indicated the decline in the abundance of large mammals. In the same issue are discussions showing the important role of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the fungus gardens of leaf-cutting ants in maintaining total terrestrial nitrogen, and “how the evolutionary stability of fungi which cooperate with termites is maintained because “the Termitomyces fungus cultured by termites remains highly related because mycelia of the same clone fuse together and grow more efficiently to out-compete rare clones.” (The Sporomiella story appears in more detail in New Scientist for November 28.) And Science for 27 November tells how fighting fungal parasites of plants interferes with the ability to fight them when they attack people. The use of fungicides against Aspergillusfumigatus by farmers has led to the development of strains which resist treatment when they attack humans.
Sierra for November/December discusses white-nose syndrome of bats, quoting a researcher assaying that Geomyces destructans looks like what you see on a forgotten tub of cottage cheese in the back of your refrigerator, and warning that humans can be vectors, so cavers should stay out of infected areas. And Scientific American for December, in a thorough report on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells, makes no specific references to fungi, but does mention that “In the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum…ATP-activated receptors that resemble human P2X channels control the flow of water into and out of cells.”
It’s interesting to note how many products containing preservatives (such as preserves, which are so-called because they are preserved by high concentrations of sugar as a preservative) are said to be preservative-free, and Prepared Foods for December provides a particularly blatant example. In a paragraph headed “End to Yeast and Mold” it touts “protective cultures” which “give food processors an all-natural and preservative-free solution for yogurts and other acidified dairy products.”
R &DMagazine for December celebrates Dr. Hans van Leeuwen as innovator of the year in a spread headed “Fighting Famine with Fungi.” He describes “cultivating microbial filamentous fungi on leftovers from ethanol fermentation and distillation to create a high quality animal feed” and using ammonia-treated forestry waste in “a two-stage bioconversion process with diverse fungal species to make
#86 TMC April 2010Page 27 Copyrighted Material
bio-oil or biofuel.” Instead of celebrating bright scientists, Smithsonian for December celebrates bright
mushrooms, citing the fact that seven new types of luminescent mushrooms have been identified. They note that “Researchers speculate that the chemically produced light attracts nocturnal animals, who disperse the fungi’s spores.”
When “Magic Mushroom” is described in Science for 11 December, it’s not what you think. Nor is it magic. The article describes a packaging material prepared by binding “cottonseed, hazelnut , and buckwheat hulls” with mushroom mycelium and popping “the resulting material…into an oven to firm up.” It is intended as a biodegradable replacement for polystyrene.
Atul Gawande’s article in The New Yorker for December 14 is about transforming health care without a master plan and he suggests that this is possible by citing the successful transformation of agriculture in the U.S. This leads to an interview with an agricultural extension agent, who is advising a farmer whose spinach plants had been infected with downy mildew. The advice: switch to drip irrigation and install fans.
National Wildlife for December/January notes that a self-cleaning paint inspired by the structure of lotus leaves is used to keep the outsides of buildings free of algae and fungi, and marvels at the precise thermoregulation of termites which cater to the finicky temperature requirements of the fungus they farm by keeping their farms at a precise 87° F., while outside air varies from 35° at night to 104°by day.
European bats may be tougher than North American bats. Science for 8 January tells how Geomyces destructans , which is devastating North American bats, has been identified in bats from four European countries, but has not resulted in any bat deaths. Researchers speculatethat perhaps the fungus has been present in Europe for a long time and that European bat species have evolved immunity, or alternatively, that the fungus evolved greater virulence after arriving in North America. This story is reported in greater detail in Nature for 14 January which suggests that the European bats may have behavioral adaptations that allow them to escape lethal infection, for instance they hibernate in small goups, ranging from 1 to rarely more than 100, “whereas bats in the United States usually hibernate in groups of thousands or hundreds of thousands, ripe for rapid spread of disease.”
Scientists studying how other organisms fight off fungal disease in order to gain insight into how humans may do so are not likely to get much help from a paper which appeared in Science for 29 January. The title tells it all: “Anciently Asexual Bdelloid Rotifers Escape Lethal Fungal Parasites by Drying Up and Blowing Away.”
In Mother Jones for January/February, a reader sets the magazine straight on the relationships between the terms ”mushroom,” “fungus” and ”mycelium” while elsewhere in the magazine we learn that athletic performance enhancement in 8th century BC consisted of Greek Olympians loading up on mushrooms, herbsand wine to boost speed.
Finally, Joel Kershner calls our attention to Time for February 8, wherein more details are furnished about the material cited above as being described in Science for 11 December. It takes a week or two to mold it into a custom shaped packaging material, which sounds to me to be somewhat of a drawback, and it is also being considered for use as home insulation, or even home structural elements, where its ready biodegradability might seem to be a drawback.
"Can The Same Compounds Extracted From The Mushroom, Be The Same If From Just The Mycelium?"
The answer is pretty much yes.Mycelium is what builds the mushroom, that's why they seem to come up overnight sometimes. As long as the mycelium gets all its proper nutrients and needs, it should be a good match.Even law enforcement runs tests on agar and other substrates when there are no
mushrooms.They don't need to identify the mushroom.All they want to see is
#86 TMC April 2010Page 28 Copyrighted Material
Psilocybin found on the lab sheet.So, the mycelium of said type mushrooms, does produce Psilocybin.This was a closely guarded secret by mycologists for many years.....before the law found out on their own.
One thing to pay attention to when growing mycelium to retrieve compounds found in the mushroom, is that you match the carbon source used by the specific species of mushroom.
For Cellulolytic mushrooms, use chromatography powder.
For Amylolytic mushrooms, use soluble starch.
For Glycolytic mushrooms, use glucose.
For Lignolytic mushrooms, use wood sawdust (match wood that the mushroom is found growing on).Taken from "GROWINGMUSHROOMSWITHOUT CONTAMINATIONS", BY S.L. Peele
#86 TMC April 2010Page 29Copyrighted Material
FloridaMycologyResearchCenter (FMRC)
POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523USA
This copy belongs to:_____________________________
Please follow the indicated routing and return:
Mycology Department
Botany Department
Biology Department
Science & Mathematics Department
Research & Development
Purchasing
Library
Other_________________________________________
To the desk of:__________________________________
#86 TMC April2010
#85 “TMC” Copyright 2010ISSN: 1078-4314
For January 2010$15.00
The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)
The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent
Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)
To learn more about IMGN, see www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html, or write to FMRC to get complete information on this old and unique mushroom association…many valuable benefits.
___This is a "RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains all spore prints and photographs.
___This is a "NON-RESTRICTED" Issue.It contains no mushroom spore prints.
___This is a "REPRINT"/"Photo Copy" Issue.It may not contain prints or pictures.Published by:Florida MycologyResearch Center (FMRC)
Marshall E. Deutsch:Articles Taken from "The Bulletin Of
The Boston Mycological Club” and other recent references
to fungi encountered during the editor’s quotidian activities
Mushroom News by Ross Nagot
Cooking Editor: Robin Arnold
Chief Editor:Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC
It is official from the USDA:The 2008/2009 USA Mushroom Cash Crop was $957 Million!!!There were only 285 registered growers!!!Maybe you should check out “IMGN” and start getting your share!
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
The world’s only color Mushroom Journal that comes with actual “Live Mushroom Spore Print Samples” affixed inside (held safe inside a small sealed plastic envelope).
CON TENTS
For #85 TMC January 2010
Journal Subscription and other Information…………………………01
Submitting Spore Samples to this Journal………………………….02
Color Photograph of Shiitake Mushroom grown on Oak log………13
Mycology In The Media………………………………………………...14
Bat Fungus, DNA barcodes, Same Sex Mating, Spore Allergy,
Yeast, more oil from fungus, Amanita phalloidespoisoning,
Mushrooms That Glow, Frog Problems, and much more.
aa
Mushroom Journal Subscriptions: If youwould like to order a subscription to “THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, you may send request and payment of $30.00 made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL. 32523, for one year.
Copyright Information: This Journal is Copyrighted under International Law, and all said laws apply. Any material that finds its way into this Journal, and it has already been copyrighted elsewhere, retains original Copyright. Authors and photographers who submit material in this Journal are not restricted from using their work, or the sale thereof. Persons may reprint or transmit this document, only in its complete and original form. No parts, articles, photographs, or any other partial pieces may be removed from this document. If you have any questions about reprinting or retransmitting, call 1.850.327.4378 and ask for Stephen L. Peele. Copies of this document can be given away freely for academic or information purposes. Any sale, placement, or display in any media that involves the transfer of money, of document, or parts of, is a violation of Copyright.
Subscriptions: The electronic version of "The Mushroom Culture" Electronica, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) can be read freely at www.mushroomsfmrc.com under “TMC Journals”.The current Issue will be posted sometime in the middle of the published month.
"The Mushroom Culture" physical issue (Hard Copy) that contains actual spore print samples and color photographs, that is mailed to you in a thick plain brown envelope, has the following subscription rates: One year’s subscription $30.00 (outside the USA $50.00), Two year’s subscription $50.00 (outside the USA $90.00), Three year’s subscription $70.00 (outside the USA $130.00). "Lifetime" subscription is $1,000.00 (outside the USA $2,000.00). College, University, and other educational library requests may subscribe "Lifetime" for $750.00 (outside the USA $1,750.00).
The Scheduling Dispatch Of This Journal:This Journal's "Hard Copy" is mailed thru the second week of the Issue's Publication month/date. This is usually the first Monday of the said month. Because games and prizes offered in this Journal are restricted to postal mail only, the Electronic Issue is not released until 7 days after the postal mailing of the "Hard Copy". This is done to prevent unfair advantage if both were released at the same time. To view the Electronic Issue, go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com then, click on “TMC Journals”.The FREE Download is made available by donations.To help keep this mycological free service available to all, you may send your donation in any amount to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.TMC is a quarterly publication, 4 times a year. Because many articles are copy/pasted from emails, spelling and grammar errors may exist.They are left “as is” to show proof of original document.
How Many Issues Do I have left on my "TMC" Hard Copy Subscription? Check the number right after your first name or above the business address on the mailing label affixed to the brown envelope your Journal arrives in. This is how many issues are left on your current subscription. Also see "Culture Flask": If your culture flask has a RED Contaminant in it...this is your last issue! Please renew.
Know The Mushroom Laws In Your Area: Some readers who receive this Journal live in areas where no mushroom laws exist. Others, like those in the USA, must be aware of laws that forbid the possession and cultivation of mushrooms that contain controlled substances. Psilocybe cubensis is an example of an illegal mushroom in the USA. As articles are done on an International basis, always keep in mind the laws on these said type mushrooms in your own specific area. Questions? Check with the local law from a pay phone.
Mushroom Identification over the Phone… a public service provided by FMRC to PoisonControlCenters and Emergency Rooms all over the world. Since 1972, the FloridaMycology ResearchCenter has offered this free service 24 hours a day to all PoisonControl Centers and Emergency Rooms. Please take the time to contact your local PoisonControl Center or local hospital and make sure they are aware of this service. Many times, the identification of a mushroom involved in a mushroom poisoning can mean the correct treatment…the wrong treatment could be bad for the victim. Call them and give our "Mushroom ID" phone number…1-850-327-4378.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 01 Copyrighted Material
Advertising in The Mushroom Culture is just good rifle shot advertising.Plus, when it is posted up for download at our website, www.mushroomsfmrc.com, hundreds of thousands of people see it!Pretty good deal, when you think about it.If its Mushroom Related, and you want to sell it, try this:
HowTo PlaceAnAd In“TMC”
For 1 full year (4 issues)…Full page $500.00, ½ page $250.00, ¼ page $125.00.
For one time (1 issue)…Full page $200.00, ½ page $100.00, ¼ page $50.00, 40 word ad $20.00.
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Mushroom Books You Never Knew Existed
For a complete list of FMRC’s publications, videos, and a listing of all the Back Issues of "TMC" with a summary of each ones contents, see the FMRC “MAIN” Catalog is posted On Line at our website www.mushroomsfmrc.com then click “Catalogs” off of our Main Menu, then just scroll down and you will see all we have to offer.Also, check out our “Store”. The down load or copy/paste is free.
Submitting Spore Samples for This Journal
Submitting spore samples for Journal entries, entitles you to one year’s free subscription to the "Physical" Hard Copy issues published by FMRC. Only select prints that you are sure of identification. Do not submit samples you cannot identify. "TMC" and "TEO" ("THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) and "TEONANACATL", The International Journal Of Psychoactive Mushrooms TEO), both published by FMRC, remain the only "color" mushroom journals that come with mushroom spore print samples. This is mainly due to reader collection and the fact it is quite troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To this date, I know of no one else who has tried taking on this task. Mushroom prints should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be taken on white paper. Light colored or white spores
should be taken on a dark colored paper. This will ensure contrast and make the spores easy to see. Seven to nine complete sheets should be submitted. Place and affix (with staple or tape) cover sheet over each sheet of prints. Send date and where collected. Wild edibles make the best submissions for the "TMC" Journal. If you wish to submit a controversial type, like Psilocybe cyanescens, these said types may be submitted (or we will forward) to "TEONANACATL", The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO). Because these issues have this unique feature of mushroom spore print samples to aid in the correct identification of mushrooms collected out in the wild, they have a cutoff of 3,000 subscribers. This makes original Hard Copy back issues of "TMC" and "TEO" rare and the most valuable to collect.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 02 Copyrighted Material
Mushroom Spore Print sample For #85“TMC”"THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
Coprinus comatus The Shaggy Mane
EDIBILITY –Choice Delightful Edible
FMRC’s Catalog Number …………………………………………………………#SO341
Samples collected by Jan Arild Botnen , Norway ………Fall, 2010
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SALE #1. …. Order any TEN back issues ($100 value) and get a full year’s subscription ($30 value) for only $60.00. Overseas and outside the USA, Airmail $80.00.
SALE #2 .….Order back issues #01 through #60 ($600 value), and also included is: #EE (TMC’s famous EXTRA EDITION Issue that first exposed our government‘s action of destroying Psilocybe cultures held at our Nation‘s culture bank, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) ($10.00 value). Plus get a full year’s subscription ($30 value)…..This $640.00 value of TMC publications and the subscription is yours for only $200!Overseas and outside the USA $250. When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or color photographs may be affixed).
------------------------------------
TMC Back Issues
Back Issues of this Journal are $10.00 each.Rising costs in printing, storage, and postage are the main reasons.When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or Color photographs may be affixed in these Issues).To insure complete Original Issues with color photographs and affixed Spore Samples, you must subscribe.The Current Issue of TMC is $15.00
FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are Now Online…..FREE
Exciting News from FMRC! Mushroom Journals can now be seen, read, downloaded, and inspected free at www.mushroomsfmrc.comThen, click the desired Current Mushroom Journal!"TEO Journals" for "TEONANACATL”, the International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) and, "TMC Journals" for "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, the Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC).Unlike the Hard Copy Issue, all photographs will be in color in this Electronic Issue.#85 TMC January 2010Page 03 Copyrighted Material
A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)
Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984!Now, over 20 years of mycological documentations............
All this is made possible by donations.Make your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today.This will insure the future Postings and the Journals themselves.
For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click Catalogs.Scroll down until you come to them.Said pages will be toward the end.
The Mushroom spore print samples that are included in this Journal are offered for microscopy and identification purposes only. No growing claims are made as none of these samples has been tested for such by FMRC. All samples that are sent in by readers are presumed viable. Each sample provided should consist of + or - 10,000 spores. These spores are like their seeds, only very small. So small in fact, they are measured in microns, and cannot be singled out
without the use of a microscope. These spores are very valuable when it comes to identification of the mushroom. Mushroom spores can be compared to fingerprints of humans. Besides being of different colors, the spores will also be of different shapes and sizes. FMRC offers spore samples of different species. These can be used as "standards". It would be a good idea to have mushroom spores available for comparison when making ID’s. FMRC offers the world’s largest mushroom spore bank of its kind available. Physicians should have on hand several different species of mushroom spores in order to have standards in which to compare suspected mushroom spores.
The physician should have on hand any lethal or poisonous mushroom spores that are known to be found in his area of service. FMRC uses the following criteria for edibility designation: DEADLY…Mushroom contains toxins that will cause death. POISONOUS…Mushroom contains psychoactive to gastrointestinal toxins, and not likely to cause death…EDIBLE/CHOICE EDIBLE…all of these type mushrooms are selected for the table.
Because "TMC" has many readers who are not IMGN Members, your issue may not contain a certain spore print sample that is "Restricted" by FMRC. In cases where samples of this nature are provided, you must be an IMGN Member in order to receive said spore print samples. To find out more about FMRC’s Independent Mushroom Grower’s Network (IMGN), consult FMRC’s
"MAIN" Catalog, or write to FMRC and ask for IMGN details (postal or email (FloridaMycology@cs.com)). Your mailing label will be noted "IMGN" if you are a member. Without this notation, your issues may not contain any "Restricted" samples. University/College, Mycology related businesses, or Doctor’s office subscriptions do not apply. Reprints of back issues may not contain color photos or any spore print samples. Photocopies are supplied when all original issues have been sold. To insure an original copy with all materials, you must subscribe.
If your Country, State, City, or County forbids biological materials from entering their borders, please inform us of this fact. Example, New Zealand. Inmates who receive this Journal will receive no spore samples. You will be placed under a special mailing list and your issues will not contain spore samples. If you continue to receive "TMC" with mushroom spore samples, and live
in an area where they are forbidden, you will accept all liabilities and responsibilities. When FMRC learns about a forbidden area, all issues going into that area will comply with its local laws. EXAMPLE: No spore samples of any mushroom capable of producing a controlled substance will be included in "TMC" issues bound for the State of California. FMRC is aware of
#85 TMC January 2010Page 04Copyrighted Material
CA State Laws, which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no
conditions. Not even if you are a medical doctor working under a Federal Grant at a CA College or University, and an IMGN Member…these will not be shipped to CA.If you would like to receive "Restricted" Issues, and live in CA or other illegal areas, you must give a legal shipping address. We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any event, only on rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print samples affixed inside that will be capable of producing any said controlled substances, and their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been brought about by the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type spore print samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal."Non Restricted" Issues, not containing these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like CA, ID, or GA.
Submitting Articles To "TMC": You may submit any article by yourself to FloridaMycology@cs.com or by postal mail. Other articles found in newspapers and other print, should be sent postal mail. Any article used earns the sender a year’s free subscription to
"TMC". "TMC" is the physical issue of this Journal. So, be sure to include your postal address when submitting any articles. Mail Call entries earn no free subscription. You may state not to have your name published or listed with article. Ideas about regular columns by you are welcomed, as is all other ideas, which you feel, will be helpful to this Journal.
If you see any article about mushrooms, past or present, and you think others may like to read about it, send it in. If it is used in "TMC", you get the free subscription. If you find a large stand of a particular species of mushroom, and are able to collect 7 to 10 good full sheets of spore prints (enough to place samples in "TMC"), send them in. If they are accepted, they will be placed in
"TMC", and you get the free subscription. If you send anything in that has to do with mushrooms, and it is used (Mail Call letters do not apply), you get the free subscription. If you do not want your name mentioned, please state so and we will honor your wishes. Free subscriptions are physical issues with spore print samples and 4" X 6" color photographs.
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MA ILC ALL
FMRC's "Stimulus Sales"
Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community.It will be a long time running sale:
Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN). Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)
During the Stimulus Sale, your cost is only $150.00!
With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00 worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is going on in the World of Mushrooms.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits $150.00
(Out of USA $180.00)
Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course. Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html
This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:
#85 TMC January 2010Page 05Copyrighted Material
COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled Mushrooms.FMRC was the first to introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by "come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace, sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!
Tuition Schedule:
Doctor......................$500.00
Master.......................260.00
Bachelor...................180.00
Associate.................100.00
Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and "Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students living outside the US must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and Handling.
Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by the University of North West Florida, "To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore microscopy and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They openly relay to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When I tell them about these very same courses and how they can take them at their own pace and time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher specific learning accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges offer. Persons holding academic degrees can present our "Certificate of Completion" as supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning into the specific area of Basidiomycetes.
When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff. You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good one. It is available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for under $20.00. "Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 06 Copyrighted Material
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course $200.00
(Out of USA $240.00)
Want to save even more?
Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over $1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00.
Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted. Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.
MUSHROOM QUIZ "MQ"
Mushroom Quiz ("MQ") is featured in each edition of this Journal. If you know the answer, write it down and mail it in. No phone calls. No E-mail. No FAX. Your entry must be mailed by 1st Class U.S. Mail only (Overseas and Out Of Country can use Airmail). The first letter that is opened and has the correct answer WINS.
What do you win? An entire year’s subscription to this Journal…..FREE! Your name will be posted with the correct answer in the following edition (unless you state "Not to publish your name"). So, come on and impress your mushroom friends with your knowledge. Send your entry to FMRC, "MQ", POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.
Last Issue’s "MQ" for #84 "TMC":What does “Amerospore” mean?
Last Issue’s Answer:It is a One-Celled Spore.
WINNER with first correct answer:Craig Davis, TN.
"MQ" For This Issue #85:When speaking of spore shapes, what does “Falcate” mean?
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Subscription Sale with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals
For over 20 years, FMRC has published the World's only color mushroom journals that come with actual "Spore Print Samples" affixed inside. And now, subscribing to these great mushroom journals is better than ever before.Order a TWO Year Subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) for the low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 Out of USA) and receive the 2 Disk Set of "THE GOSPEL OF MUSHROOMS”, a $60.00 value!
All the TMC Issues from #01 to #69 are on "THE GOSPEL”.You will see all the mycological achievements made over the last 2 decades.....all in COLOR!All the stories, all the events, they’re all here.A major Mycological Publishing Event!All you have to do is just place the disks into your computer, and you will be there to see it all!
Or, you can order a TWO-year subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of
Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and receive the TEO Issues #01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!
When placing your order please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.
If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years will just be added to your current subscription.Here is one even better……..
#85 TMC January 2010Page 07 Copyrighted Material
Order BOTH Journals, and just send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions.This will save you Big Time.......($150.00 Out of USA)
Mail your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523.Sorry, no online or credit card orders.The FloridaMycology ResearchCenter (FMRC), Publisher.
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CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE
Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input:Jan Arild Botnen for FREE Mushroom Spore Print Sample Coprinus comatus and Craig Davis for Correct Mushroom Quiz Answer.
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CULTURE FLASK…….. Is this your last Issue on Subscription?
For Physical "TMC" HARD COPY Subscriptions That Contain Spore Samples
IF YOUR CULTURE FLASK HAS A "RED" CONTAMINANT IN IT, THIS IS YOUR LAST ISSUE!Send $30 to renew your subscription ($50 US Dollars for Out Of Country), for another year's subscription.The "RED" contaminant is your only reminder, other than your mailing label saying "00" issues left after your first name.As we value your support and interests, please send payment now while it is on your mind.This way, "TMC" can continue and you will never miss an issue.After all, it is your Journal
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S P O R EB A N K S A L E
For those who have not seen this Sale posted on FMRC’s Website:The Entire Mushroom Spore Bank, over 200 different Samples, is on sale for only $1,000.00!And, when any new species are listed in the Bank, and you have an interest in receiving it, just let us know that you purchased the Entire Collection before.Just make the request and it will be shipped right off to you at no charge!
This entire massive collection, the World’s Largest Mushroom Spore Bank of its type since 1972, can be inspected and downloaded at www.mushroomsfmrc.com.
To be the proud owner of this entire spore bank collection, simply mail in your request for the Entire Mushroom Spore Sample Collection, held at FMRC. The best method of payment is a Postal Money Order that you buy at your local Post Office.Send your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL32523. If you live in CA, GA, or ID, or other areas where it is illegal to possess mushroom spores capable of producing controlled substances, send only $830.00.All said type species will not be included.Otherwise, you must give a good legal shipping State to receive the entire, full, Collection.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 08 Copyrighted Material
Will Bacillus subtilis End Green Mold?
Two Canadians, Nader Gheshlaghi and Jack Verdellen, have develoed a strain of Bacillus subtilis that acts as a green mold inhibitor. This information comes from the US Federal News Service, Sept. 6, 2009. There is even a Patent given to Rol-Land Farms, Ontario, Canada. It provides a novel bio-control agent for the prevention and/or reduction of mold during mushroom production. It utilizes Bacillus spp. as a natural, organic agent for the control of mold caused by Trichoderma spp. For more on this see International Patent Publication No. WO/2009/105878 published Sept. 3. The original Patent was filed in Canada and can be seen at:
Many years ago I had several interesting conversations with an old Chinese Medical Dr. that used many mushrooms in his practice.He told me he felt the only Reishi Mushrooms that had true power, were the ones grown on Plum trees that were older than 100 years old.We spoke about the problems of getting Shiitake Mushroom Spores to germinate.It is my understanding that no wild sighting of Shiitake has ever occurred in the US. This is puzzling when you think about all the Shiitake cultivation that goes on….all those spores from outside beds. There are some who say there are parts of the world where Shiitake do grow out in the wild.Whatever may be the case, there surely is a problem here with germination of the spores.Where do these strains come from that are available to growers?He tells me of a method that the Chinese use.He said millions upon millions of the spores are collected from many mushrooms.They are all ran at the same time.Only a very few spots of mycelium growth occur.These are separated out.It is from these few isolates that suitable strains may be isolated.He said sometimes nothing is seen from a run, or no suitable strains are isolated.I have grown Shiitake for many years on logs, but have never tried to isolate my own strain through mass spore inoculation as described by the Chinese Dr.I have however collected large amounts of mushroom spores, in gram weights.I use large sheets of glass that have been wiped down with alcohol.Mushrooms are placed on the glass for print taking (instead of paper).When good amounts of spores have been released, lift up and remove the mushrooms.Dry in sterile area.With a razor blade, remove the spores by making small piles of them.I would then suggest cleaning the spores of any contaminants so that the run will be clean.I prefer the Micro-filtration technique.Now you have many spores to make your run…..maybe even find a new good strain.By S.L. Peele
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The War On "Super Bugs"
Here's what we should do about it.
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage11.html
A most interesting read for those who are worried and concerned about our war on resistant microbes. It is placed in Public Domain by its author, S.L. Peele, for free inspection, download, and distribution. Pass it on, let's all get involved.
By Stephen L. Peele, Curator Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC) 11/09/09
We are now at the cross-roads with our battle against bacteria and other microorganisms. Just about every pathogenic strain of bacteria has developed its own resistance.
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It is a resistance that stands against everything we have. No matter what antibiotic you purchase thru subscription, it has no effect.
These microbes have been given the name "Super Bugs", or as referred to here, "SB's". Did you know that 2.5 million in the US contract dangerous bacterial infections each year? And, more than 100,000 of these DIE. These types of infections are now ranked the 4th leading cause of death in America. These same said infections are the 2nd leading cause of deaths, worldwide.
All this SB resistance has now pushed the related drug world market upwards to more than $45 Billion a year. In 2008, just about 686,000 people went to the hospital for MRSA alone. The direct health-care cost was $10 Billion. The total overall cost was approximately $118 Billion.
Did you get a real sense of danger reading that? How does it make you feel, knowing the best anti-infective drugs we have are worthless and out of date? Makes you want to start washing your hands more often, huh?
And now we have all this new attack, HIV, Bird Flu, "Monkey Flu", and the Swine Flu (H1N1 Strain). It's a constant battle, and to whoever is reading this, it is a war we must win. Humanity itself could be at stake here, just as it plays out in many science fiction stories about how the human race is wiped out by some microbe. All these deaths, all these people who meet "The Reaper", and now even people dying from ear-aches from some resistant strain.
I know there is great promise and grand discoveries of new antibiotics, antivirals, and anticancer/tumor agents, not to mention immune enhancement capabilities, waiting to be found in mushrooms. I know this is true, for I myself have discovered some of these new Myco-drugs, and there are many, many, other researchers that have now done the same.
I know that there is all the armament we need against these microorganisms, in mushrooms. Think about this. Some of these new novel antibiotics and other anti-agents from mushrooms, are what some call "Ancient Defense Mechanisms". Like the ones molds and other primitive type growths have. They rely on their own self produced biochemically-acting agents, to protect them from attacking bacteria and other microbes. Without this protection, they would not survive. Checking out a mold one day, they found "Penicillin" - one of the most effective antibacterial agents ever discovered……and that's the end of that story.
All classes of plants and animals produce these type agents. In mammals, they are known as HDP's or, Host Defense Peptides. Many call these agents our "first line of defense". They can stop many attacks, right at first sign of invasion. These anti-agents produced in humans are also known as "Defensins".
Here may be the answer on how some of them work so well. Bacteria contain more negatively charged chemical groups on their cell membranes, than human cells. Human cell membranes have plenty of cholesterol, while bacteria cell membranes have none. These new Myco-drugs target in on cell membranes with phospholipids that have a negative charge, and ones that have no cholesterol. This means their attack is specific and selective to bacteria. It kills the bacteria by rupturing its cell wall. There has been research done that points to selection, somehow, of even bacteria. Meaning that beneficial bacteria are left alone, while harmful ones are killed. More on this in just a moment. This mechanism differs from the traditional one. And even many new traditional types of antibiotics like Tetracycline are waiting to be found. Bacteria, in order to form a resistance to Ancient Defensive Mechanisms isolated from mushrooms, would have to create a new type of cell membrane. No wonder these Ancient Defense Mechanisms have proven themselves for millions of years.
But true gilled mushrooms, the Basidiomycetes, are much more evolved, than lower class of fungi and molds. True gilled mushrooms are the most evolved and most high, in the fungus world. They are many times referred to as the Highest "Class of Fungi", or fungi-perfect. It is these types of mushrooms that will have many proven antibiotic and antiviral agents, and they will be much more advanced, much more evolved, and also have a proven track record. This is true, as the mushroom under said type of attacks, would not be here. It has fought its war, and has won.
Think about these new, novel mushroom compounds. We know they work, and what if they come from a mushroom that humans eat, or can eat, with no side effects? What you have is a real weapon. A weapon that never existed before. A weapon agent that would have no trouble,
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because there has never been a resistance for it. No bacteria or virus has any resistance to it.
They have never seen this before; therefore there is no resistance, or defense. If the mechanism involves the destruction of the microbe's cell wall membrane, how could the microbe ever develop a new cell wall?
All my years of research into the "Ancient Defense Mechanisms", has shown me it is far more complicated than I had ever thought. It is tuned with such precise settings, that I am amazed at what I learned one day.
In the early 80's, I was working with a Doctor who had connections with St. John'sUniversity. I had a theory that certain mushrooms must have their own Ancient Defense Mechanisms. How else could certain groups of them ever grow? How did they survive this massive attack by microbes? We both agreed on a species of mushroom to investigate, and it was soon after, a great discovery was made.
As the mycelium (the cotton like growth that is the vegetative growth state of a mushroom) grew, it produced strong antibiotic and antiviral agents. This find alone, answered many questions, but what was discovered next was even more sacred.
Certain agents were produced for several hours. They then shut down. Then, new agents were produced. The unbroken chain of new agents replacing old agents never seemed to end. How about that? I never saw or heard of that before. Not only were there new anti-agents found, Mother Nature even also saw fit to place something really special inside its Ancient Defense Mechanisms. The changing of the anti-agents meant that even if a resistance was to be developed by one of these microorganisms, it would not matter. That one is no longer there. Here's the new boss. Amazing, isn't it? Also, these anti-agents were selective in that they did not harm beneficial types of bacteria. There are some other really amazing things I have found out about mushrooms, and so have many other researchers.
I published an article about the PSTMP Compound. I have it posted up at FMRC's Website www.mushromsfmrc.com under Mushroom Research Papers. It not only halted the biological clock in hundreds of tests, it had other, very unusual properties. One of these was tested by the University of Arizona, and in over 100 insects that were tested, every one showed activity of a new insecticide never before known of. Most of these were never investigated because of government mycophobia toward me and my research…..and they forbid me to release any more mushroom isolated extractions under the threat of heavy fines.
Dr. Samuel B. Lehrer at Tulane University launched a "Mushroom Spores As Aeroallergens" research project, under a grant. He contacted FMRC for help and consulting, concerning mushroom spores. We established very fast that mushroom spores are major fungal aeroallergens in and around the Gulf Coast Area, and probably throughout much of the United States. Stephen L. Peele developed a way to capture enormous amounts of mushroom spores from specific species of mushrooms, in gram weights. This turned out to be a most valuable tool. These spores provided "skin-pop" preparations that were used to detect allergic reactions to specific species of mushroom spores. A whopping total of over 80 grams of mushroom spores from one specific mushroom, not only solved specific allergic reactions some people were having, but also was enough to make an anti-allergic preparation that stopped said attacks.
Even though specific mushrooms were known for their medicinal use for many centuries back by Chinese and other Eastern healers, we are just now starting to look at them, in a scientific manner. These very same mushrooms right now, are being used to fight cancer/tumors, blood cholesterol, and even AIDS…….a prediction I made and was published in several documentaries and articles thru the 80's. Antitumor effects of hot water extracts from several mushrooms have now been discovered, including new and unknown polysaccharides, specifically beta-D-glucans. This lead up to discovering "Lentinan", a proven, very powerful antitumor substance. Japan has recently isolated "Krestin" from the Turkey Tail mushroom. It fights a number of cancers. Its use is so good; it is covered by the Japanese Health Care Plan!
Many new mushroom compounds that have great medicinal uses are being found every day. Not just the next new antibiotic or antiviral weapons will come from mushrooms, many or all of the new and most effective ones will come from mushrooms. I have been researching and saying
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this now, since 1972. In 1993 I published "THE MUSHROOM RESEARCHER". It had one of the largest listings of "Mushrooms That Indicate Medicinal Properties" ever compiled….358! It also lists 130 references, 53 toxic mushrooms and spore identifications. This book was published way before many "Medicinal Mushroom" books began to appear, and has yet to be matched.
Yes, it is now time to find these new drugs, and the place to look is mushrooms. My day is here now. I now see it all happening. I once wrote in the said Mushroom Researcher Book "May the word now go out to all private and scientific sectors, here is your sword. Polish it well for the final kill."
I will begin to approach old research contacts and renew these interests once again. I will also contact some other research groups that I think might be interested in this approach. If you, or your research team, whether private, government, or University/College, want to get involved with this very exciting new frontier of mushrooms…..Contact Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523…..Email: floridamycology@cs.com.....Business Phone 1-850-327-4378…..website: www.mushroomsfmrc.com
New Mushroom Journal CD-ROMS
“THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)……Now comes the #3 CD-ROM of “The Gospel of Mushrooms”. This new #3 CD comes with all the Back Issues #70 TMC thru #83 TMC! Just like #1 and #2, the #3 CD comes in color, just like the Issues were published. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.
#3 GOSPEL CD-ROM, TMC’s #70 - #83…………$40.00
“TEONANACATL”, The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)……Now comes the #2 CD-ROM of “TEO” Back Issues. #1 “TEO” has #1 - #13 “TEO” Back Issues. This new #2
“TEO” CD-ROM has all the “TEO” Back Issues #14 - #28. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. Just like the
“TEO” #1 CD-ROM, this #2 “TEO” CD-ROM comes in color just like the Issues were published. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.
#2 “TEO” CD-ROM, TEO’s #14 - #28…..………$40.00 Save even more money……..buy both #3 Gospel and #2 TEO CD-ROMs for only………………………..$50.00.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 12 Copyrighted Material
The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)
Color photograph for #85, "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
January 2010
Photograph Copyrighted by FMRC
Shiitake Mushroom cultivated on Oak log by S. L. Peele at FMRC
………The Mushroom that produces Lentinan.
#85 TMC January 2010Page 13 Copyrighted Material
Mycology in the Media
Marshall E. Deutsch
AWI Quarterly for Summer presents more details on and better illustrations of White-Nose Syndrome of bats than any other reference thereto which I’ve come across, but admits that “it is …unknown if the fungus of the genus Geomyces is the singular cause of death or simply an opportunistic pathogen that takes advantage of weakened immune systems.”
Science for 7 August reports on “Barcoding of Plants and Fungi.” Continue to treat the ID Committee with respect—it will be a long time before they are first helped and then replaced by barcoding.A fragment of an enzyme called mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (more familiarly known as coxI or COI) has been developed as a universal DNA barcode for animals and algae, but is not suitable for identifying fungi. Other markers are being studied for the latter.
Same-sex marriage is failing politically in the United States, but is helping fungi develop resistance to treatment. New Scientist (NS) for 15 August reports on increasing virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans following same-sex mating and observations of matings between same-sex cells of Candida albicans. In the same issue we learn of a “parasitic fungus Entomophthora muscae, which infects and kills domestic flies.” And Entomophaga grylli, “which infects grasshoppers and causes ‘summit disease,’ where the infected insects climb to the tops of grass stems to shower spores on the population below.”
In Nature for 29 August, we learn why we are not continually showing signs of allergy to the vast numbers of fungal spores populating the air we breathe: A water-repellent material (hydrophobin) in the surface layer of dormant spores masks their recognition by the immune system and thus prevents an immune response.
There’s no end to how much yeast can help people. We all know of its role in supplying us with food and drink, but Science for 28 August details how identifying a mitochondrial protein in yeast led to the discovery that a gene which produced a similar protein in humans is a tumor susceptibility gene in humans.
Do you (as do I) remember fondly what food you ate while in the military? Mother Jones for September/October brings back fond memories with the beginning of a story on Pentagon funds funneled to Iraqi strongmen: “It’s a bright day in February, and I am in a pink villa on the outskirts of Fallujah, sitting with a tribal sheikh and a Marine commander as they hunch over a plate of truffles.”
Fungi can get us oil by a more direct route. In R&D Magazine for September, we learn, in an article headed “Leftover Crops Fuel Ethanol Production Via Mold,” that “Mucor circinelloides can turn a wide variety of leftover organic waste products into oil.” And in an article on the origin of cooperation in Science for 4 September, the fascinating text is upstaged by illustrations depicting slime mold amoebae forming a fruiting body, Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming to form a biofilm, and yeast clumping in an ethanol solution, thus protecting the inner cells from harm.
Technically, Phytophthora infestans, like slime mold, is not a fungus, but it’s close enough for this column to mention it. In NewScientist (NS) for 12 September is an explanation of one of the factors that make it such a fearful menace. It “has a genome three times as large as its closest relatives, because it keeps many different variants of its ‘attack’ genes…These code for enzymes that kill potato cells, on which the mould then feasts.” In the same issue, is given a hint on why it is useful for some fungi have more than two sexes: “Finding just two sexes in most species is odd; having more would maximize the chances of finding a mate”.
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Fungi (or oomycetes like Phytophthora infestans) that completely destroy their prey may have few or no redeeming qualities, but a wood-attacking fungus improved the quality of a violin made from the attacked wood, according to “Fungus-treated violin beats Strad in blind test” an on-line article in World Science for September 15. Then there are fungi which indirectly protect wood, as reported in The Boston Globe for September 21 (citing the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences (PNAS)). There’s a tropical termite species which can survive in bacteria- and fungi-ridden nests because its saliva and fecal matter contain protein that destroys those bacteria and fungi. The Globe describes how “feeding the termites a glucose derivative, known as GDL” inhibited the fungus-fighting protein(s). The Globe fails to disclose the more informative name of GDL, which is d-delta-gluconolactone.NS for 26 September also contains a PNAS-based article involving fungi and insects. Therein we learn how fungal infection not only weakens mosquitoes but makes insects previously resistant to pyrethrinoids susceptible again.
If you read every word on every page of American Scientist for September-October, you will finally find a reference to our old friend Elio Schaechter. Here’s the last paragraph of the last page: “Moselio Schaechter (SX 1951) along with his colleague Merry Yule have run this microbiology blog [Small Things Considered] sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology since 2006. Its purpose is to share their appreciation for the width and depth of the microbial activities on this planet.” The editor of this Bulletin is pleased to be able to refer to Merry Yule in an issue which is more appropriately timed.
Less timely news is found in Science for 9 October: “Scientists claim that they have identified an ancient fungus that flourished about 250 million years ago, feeding on dead trees as it spread across the planet. Those remains could provide a crucial clue to the identity of what killed off much of Earth’s plant and animal life at the time, although some researchers remain skeptical.” More recent and narrower in scope is a Globe item on October 21 concerning a woman and her son reported to be in good condition despite having eaten what is suspected to have been fruiting bodies of Amanita phalloides.
Back to Science. The 23 October issue tells of Mycena luxaeterna and six other newly-discovered to glow at night. The fact that the 64 known luminous species of mushroom are descended from 16 different lineages “suggests that either luminescence evolved multiple times or most species gradually lost the glow.” In the same issue, we learn that the reason skin infectionis lethal to frogs is that frog skin participates in osmoregulation. (Breathe a sigh of relief if you suffer from athlete’s foot.) A bit of hope is that the bacterium “Janthinobacterium lividium makes an antifungal compound that stops the fungal infection in its tracks.” In addition to the news report, the issue contains a research paper giving the details. If you don’t have easy access to this bacterium for treating your pet frog, try treating it with pumpkin puree. Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) for October 26 reports that a fungal protein extracted from pumpkin rinds “works well against pathogenic Botrytis, Fusarium and Trichoderma species that are anathema to farmers and food processors.”
Minor references to fungi occur in Harper’s and Smithsonian for November. “Harper’s Index” refers to “Damages sought, in a defamation suit, by a Chicago landlord from a tenant who complained about mold via Twitter: $50,000.” And the latter publication tells of man-made fibers at least 30,000 years old and notes that “other remains—including the spores of a cloth-eating fungus—suggest that such fibers were made into textiles.”
Marcia Jacob calls our attention to The Wall Street Journal for November 6, wherein we learn of a wine and mushrooms fest (including foraging walks) in Mendocino County, California in early November, while the Boston Sunday Globe for November 8 informs us that a class entitled “Totally Truffles” will be a part of the San Diego Bay wine and food festival in mid November.
And The Boston Globe Magazine for the following week tells us more about the white-
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nose syndrome of bats: “Researchers strongly suspect but have not proved that the sickness is caused by a newly identified cold-thriving soil fungus aptly named Geomyces destructans. (Some believe the fungus is a secondary infection that grows on bats with already weakened immune systems.) Nor have they unraveled the enigma of a perplexing chain of events that leads from an apparent fungal infection to erratic bat behavior to death by what appears to be starvation.”
“Return of the Fungi,” an article on Paul Stamets in MotherJones for November/December, is illustrated with a photograph of Paul holding a weirdly shaped object larger than his head. There’s no caption, so I guess it’s a truffle. There’s much of interest in the article, including a useful chart of fungal relationships by Sam Baldwin, and interesting nuggets of information, such as a statement that Lovastatin is found in Aspergillus terreus and oyster mushrooms (but I’ve never heard of the latter causing the horrendous side effects of chronic Lovastatin administration). Some of Stamets’ assertions should be viewed with skepticism, however. For instance, he is said to refer to fungi as “our ancestors.”
Finally, in American Scientist for November-December, we learn of the amazing precision of the mind-control exerted by Ophiocordyceps on the Asian carpenter ant Camponotus leonardi. The ant ”normally forages high in the forest canopy. But in a study of 51 zombie [fungus-infected] C. leonardi, all of the doomed ants sought the undersides of leaves ten inches above the ground, and bit down on a leaf vein before they died. Most ants chose northwest-facing leaves. When researchers moved dead ants to the forest floor or canopy, the fungus didn’t develop properly, suggesting that it has good reason to steer its hosts so meticulously.”
Marshall E. Deutsch…………….MED41@aol.com
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